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401-610-5m 

TEXAS  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


BULLETIN 

Published  bimonthly  by  the  Texas  Department  of  Agriculture 
Austin,  Texas 


JULY-AUGUST,  1910  NUMBER  14 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas 


BY 


WILLIAM  BATTLE  PHILLIPS,  Ph.  D. 

Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Economic  Geology 
University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas 


For  a copy  of  this  Bulletin  apply  to  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 

Austin,  Texas 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  May  8,  1903,  at  the  postoffice  at  Austin,  Texas,  under 

Act  of  June  6,  1900 


AUSTIN,  TEXAS: 

VON  BOECKMANN-JONES  CO.,  STATE  PRINTERS 

1910 


T3\  ^.K 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL 


Honorable  Ed.  R.  Kone,  Commissioner  of  Agriculture.  Austin,  Texas 
Dear  Sir  : — I beg  to  transmit  to  yon  herewith,  at  yonr  request,  a 
Report  on  the  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas,  for  publication  by  the  De- 
partment, which,  under  your  administration,  has  done  so  much  to 
develop  the  wealth  of  this  State. 

It  has  been  a pleasure  to  me  to  be  of  some  service  in  this  great  work. 

Very  respectfully, 

Wm.  B.  Phillips. 

University,  Austin,  Texas,  July,  1910. 


V 


INTRODUCTION 


In  this  publication  it  is  not  intended  to  do  more  than  call  attention 
lo  the  output  and  value  of  the  minerals  and  mineral  products  of  Texas. 
The  statistics  used  are  those  of  the  Mineral  Resources  Division  of  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey,  supplemented  in  a few  instances  by 
estimates  duly  mentioned.  The  statistics  relating  to  petroleum  have 
also,  in  part,  been  taken  from  the  files  of  the  Oil  Investor’s  Journal, 
Houston  and  Hew  York.  Special  attention  is  called  to  the  Summary 
of  Texas  Minerals  by  Counties,  prepared  by  Dr.  F.  W.  Simonds,  Pro- 
fessor of  Geology  in  the  University  of  Texas,  for  Bulletin  Ho.  5 of  the 
University  Mineral  Survey,  December,  1902.  This  Bulletin  has  long 
since  been  out  of  print,  the  demand  for  it  having  exhausted  the  edition 
of  0000  copies  several  years  ago.  This  valuable  summary  has  been 
supplemented  by  a list  of  materials  alphabetically  arranged,  so  that  one 
can  easily  ascertain  what  is  to  be  found  in  Texas  and  where  it  is  found. 

As  many  inquiries  are  made  for  copies  of  the  Texas  Mining  Laws, 
governing  the  acquisition  and  usp  of  the  Public  School  Fund  Lands, 
it  was  decided  to  include  them  in  this  publication.  There  is  no  State 
Geological  Survey  in  Texas,  but  the  University,  at  its  own  expense,  is 
endeavoring  to  supply  this  deficiency  through  its  Bureau  of  Economic 
Geology. 

Information  is  cheerfully  given  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  citizens  of  the 
State  and  all  others  interested  in  the  industrial  progress  of  Texas  will 
make  even  a larger  use  of  this  Bureau. 

Address  all  communications  to: 

Dr.  Wm.  B.  Phillips,  Director, 

Bureau  of  Economic  Geology, 
University,  Austin,  Texas. 


i 


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in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


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https://archive.org/details/themineralresourOOphil 


THE  MINERAL  RESOURCES  OF  TEXAS 


WILLIAM  BATTLE  PHILLIPS  PH.  D., 

DIRECTOR,  BUREAU  OF  ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY, 
UNIVERSITY  OF  TEXAS,  AUSTIN 


It  may  come  as  a surprise  to  many  well  informed  citizens  of  Texas 
to  know  that  the  total  value  of  the  mineral  products  of  this  State,  since 
the  first  reliable  statistics  were  gathered,  about  the  year  1882,  is  now 
more  ihan  $160,000,000.  To  the  close  of  the  year  1908  the  total  value 
of  such  products,  traceable  with  a fair  degree  of  accuracy,  was  $151,- 
676,846  and  it  is  well  within  bounds  to  assume  that  the  value  for  the 
year  1909  will  be  about  $15,000,000.  The  grand  total  will  be  about 
$165,000,000. 

For  a number  of  years  the  statistics  have  been  secured  by  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey,  through  its  Division  of  Mineral  Resources, 
as  no  agency  has  existed  in  Texas  by  which  we  may  know  what  the  State 
is  producing  in  the  way  of  minerals,  ores,  building  stones,  oil,  salt, 
coal,  lignite,  clay,  quicksilver,  cement,  etc.  The  Bureau  of  Economic 
Geolcgy,  established  last  year  by  the  University,  is  endeavoring  to 
supply  this  deficiency  to  the  best  of  its  ability  and  has  collected  and 
published  the  returns  for  coal  and  lignite  for  the  year  1909  much  in 
advance  of  any  previous  publications  of  these  statistics. 

The  figures  used  in  this  discussion  are  those  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  with  a few  minor  additions  and  estimates  that  do 
not  greatly  affect  the  final  result. 

The  mineral  resources  of  Texas,  are  as  follows,  only  those  being  men- 
tioned that  are  involved  in  the  statement  of  values: 


Asphalt  and  Asphalt  Rocks. 
Celestite  (sulphate  of  strontium.) 
Cement. 

Clays  and  Clay  Products. 

Coal. 

Copper. 

Gold. 

Granite. 

Gypsum. 

Iron  Ore. 

Lead. 

Lignite. 


Lime. 

Limestone. 
Mineral  waters. 
Natural  gas. 
Petroleum. 

Pig  iron. 
Quicksilver. 

Salt. 

Sand  and  gravel. 
Sandstone. 

Silver. 

Zinc. 


In  addition  to  these,  but  not  yet  developed,  we  have  graphite,  marble, 
onyx,  serpentine,  sulphur,  tin  and  turquoise,  with  a possibility  of  litho- 
graphic stone,  wolframite,  molybdenite,  uranium  and  bismuth. 

The  deposit  of  the  rare  and  valuable  minerals  at  Barringer  Hill, 
Llano  county,  is  not  mentioned  because  there  are  no  returns  as  to  the 
value  of  the  materials  obtained  there.  For  the  same  reason  we  have  to 
omit  mention  of  the  pearls  obtained  from  the  Llano  river,  the  Colorado 


8 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


river,  etc.,  as  also  the  value  of  such  amethyst,  clear  quartz,  etc.,  as  may 
be  cut  for  jewelry. 

The  yearly  value  of  the  mineral  products  of  Texas  is  given  in  the 
following  table : 

Yearly  Value  of  the  Mineral  Products  of  Texas. 


Year 


Amount 


1882-1886 

1887  

1888  

1889  

1890  

1891  

1892  

1893  

1894  

1895  

1896  

1897  

1898  

1899  

1900  

1901  

1902  

1903  

1904  

1905  

1906  

1907  

1908  


$ 4,935,363 
1,006,534 
1,255,344 
1,760,473 
1,992,806 
2,525,259 
3,295,240 
2,655,437 
3,116,835 
2,856,537 
2,956,940 
3,330,798 
3,417,511 
4,573,631 
5,316,222 
6,647,926 
9,390,585 
12,766,865 
14,353,270 
13,752,346 
14,751,037 
19,806,458 
15,212,929 


$151 , 676,346 


During  the  twenty-seven  years,  ending  with  1908,  the  total  value  of 
the  mineral  products  of  Texas,  so  far  as  can  now  be  ascertained  with  a 
fair  degree  of  accuracy,  was  $151,676,346.  This  amount  is  made  up 
of  the  following  items,  viz : 


Amount 

Per- 

cent 

of 

Total 

Petroleum 

$ 53,948,222 

35.5 

Coal  and  lignite 

28,566,760 

18.7 

Clay  products  (brick,  tile,  pottery) 

28,469,983 

18.6 

Stone  (granite,  limestone,  sandstone) 

7,435,306 

4.9 

Silver 

6,014,341 

4.0 

Pig  iron,  partly  estimated 

3,000,000 

2.0 

Salt ■ 

2,403,857 

1 .5 

Mineral  waters 

2,162,635 

1 .4 

Quicksilver 

1,633,713 

1 .1 

All  other  products,  partly  estimated 

18,041,529 

12.3 

$151,676,346 

100.0 

A Texas  Oil  Well 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


9 


Petroleum. 


Texas  did  not  enter  the  ranks  of  oil-producing  States,  with  re- 
spectable standing,  until  the  year  1898,  when  the  Corsicana  district 
produced  546,070  barrels,  valued  at  $382,249. 

The  following . table  gives  the  yearly  production  and  value  of  Texas 
petroleum  since  the  year  1889 : 

Yearly  Production  and  Value  of  Texas  Petroleum. 


1889.. . 

1890.. . 

1891.. . 

1892.. . 

1893.. . 

1894.. . 

1895.. . 

1896.. . 

1897.. . 

1898.. 

1899.. 

1900.. 

1901.. 

1902.. 

1903 .. .. 

1904.. . 
1905  . . 

1906 .. .. 
1907  . . 

1908.. . 


Total. 


Year 


Barrels 

Value 

48 

$ 340 

54 

227 

54 

227 

45 

225 

50 

210 

60 

420 

50 

350 

1,450 

4,000 

65,975 

65,975 

546,070 

382,249 

669,013 

473,443 

836,039 

871,996 

4,393,658 

1,247,351 

18,083,658 

3,998,097 

17,955,572 

7,517,479 

22,241,413 

8,156,220 

28,136,189 

7,552,262 

12,567,897 

6,565,578 

12,322,696 

10,410,865 

11,206,464' 

6,700,708 

129,026,455 

$53 , 948 , 222 

The  average  value  of  the  129,026,455  barrels  of  petroleum  produced 
in  Texas  to  the  close  of  the  year  1908  was  a little  under  42  cents  a 
barrel. 

The  lowest  valuation,  a little  over  22  cents  a barrel,  was  reached 
in  the  year  1902,  following  the  great  production  in  the  Beaumont  and 
adjacent  districts.  The  highest  valuation  was  in  the  year  1900,  when 
Corsicana  oil  was  worth  $1.04  a barrel.  The  high  water  mark  of  pro- 
duction was  reached  in  the  year  1905  with  28,136,189  barrels,  but  the 
average  value  during  the  year  was  about  27  cents  a barrel.  The  pro- 
duction declined  to  11,206,464  barrels  in  1908,  a loss  of  16,929,725 
barrels  in  three  years,  but  the  average  value  increased  to  very  nearly 
60  cents  a barrel. 

The  following  table  gives  the  production  of  crude  petroleum  in 
Texas  by  districts  and  barrels  of  42  gallons,  from  the  year  1896  through 
1908.  The  returns  from  the  Saratoga  district  in  the  years  190.2  and 
1903  are  combined  with  those  from  the  Sour  Lake  district. 

The  discrepancy  between  the  totals  in  this  and  the  former  table  is 
due  to  the  omission,  in  the  latter,  of  361  barrels  produced  prior  to  the 
year  1896. 


10 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


11 


In  the  Henrietta  district  in  1907  there  were  27  wells  completed, 
of  which  17  were  productive,  1 was  a gas  well  and  9 were  dry.  In  this 
held  in  1908  there  were  28  wells  completed,  of  which  20  were  pro- 
ductive, 2 were  gas  wells  and  6 were  dry.  In  1909  46  wells  were  com- 
pleted, of  which  20  were  productive,  11  were  gas  wells  and  15  were  dry. 

In  1904  there  were  completed  440  wells  in  Texas,  of  which  264  were 
productive  and  176,  or  40  per  cent  were  unproductive. 

At  the  close  of  1903  it  was  estimated  that  1200  wells  had  been 
drilled  in  Texas  since  the  discovery  of  oil  at  Spindle  Top,  January, 
1901,  but  only  about  300  were  in  active  operation  at  the  close  of  the 
year. 

Well  Record  in  the  Gulf  (Coastal)  Field  in  1905. 


Wells  Completed  in 

1905. 

Wells  December  31,  1905 

District 

Total 

Productive 

Dry 

Producing 

Not  Producing 

Batson 

107 

260 

12 

Corsicana 

68 

50 

18 

Dayton 

47 

'll 

3 ; ; 

Henrietta 

55 

52 

3 

Humble 

449 

116 

87 

Saratoga 

43 

66 

10 

Sour  Lake 

21 

83 

76 

Spindle  Top 

21 

80 

2 

Other 

15 

7 

8 

Total 

826 

109 

29 

616 

190 

The  recent  history  of  the  oil  industry  in  Texas  is  that  of  local  pools 
that  yield  a large  production  within  a comparatively  short  time. 

Thus  in  four  years : 

Spindle  Top  yielded 33,048,809  bbls. 

Sour  Lake  yielded .23,162,619  bbls. 

Batson  yielded 19,133,538  bbls. 

Humble  yielded 25,594,310  bbls. 

Humble  has  been  a remarkable  field,  starting,  in  1905,  with  15,594,- 
310  barrels. 

The  great  Lucas  gusher,  at  Spindle  Top,  ran  70,000  barrels  a day  for 
ten  days  before  it  could  be  capped,  but  it  has  not  been  a producer  for 
some  years. 

The  year  1905  was  the  banner  year  in  Texas,  in  so  far  as  concerns 
production,  28,136,189  barrels.  The  production  in  the  Corsicana  and 
Powell  fields  during  that  year  was  444,402  barrels,  leaving  27,691,769 
barrels  as  the  production  in  the  Gulf  or  Coastal  field. 

In  the  Gulf  Field  at  the  close  of  1905  there  were  616  producing  wells, 
190  dry  and  670  abandoned.  In  1906  there  were  completed  644  wells, 
of  which  193  w'ere  dry  and  451  were  productive.  In  1907  there  were 
completed  889  wells,  of  which  219  were  dry  and  670  were  productive. 


12 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


Number  of  Completed  Wells  in  Coastal  Texas,  By  Districts, 

1906-1909. 


Districts 

Completed 

Dry 

Productive 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

Humble 

Spindle  Top 

Batson 

Sour  Lake 

Saratoga 

Dayton 

Markham 

345 

68 

80 

74 

64 

7 

269 

122 

206 

156 

98 

18 

281 

108 

53 

81 

44 

8 

10 

5 

201 

82 

51 

146 

31 

4 

2 

7 

123 

29 

4 

20 

9 

3 

a99 

21 

32 

c36 

12 

7 

b80 

26 

10 

d9 

4 
6 

5 
3 

e72 

36 

11 

f30 

4 

4 

0 

2 

222 

39 

76 

54 

55 
4 

170 

101 

174 

120 

86 

11 

201 

82 

43 

72 

40 

2 

5 

2 

129 

46 

40 

116 

27 

0 

2 

5 

Goose  Creek 

Matagorda 

6 

3 

5 

3 

1 

West  Columbia 

Hoskins  Mound.  ... 

}..6 

8 

2 

12 

5 

6 

1 

10 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Piedras  Pintas 

4 

7 

4 

3 

Mission  .... 

5 

4 

2 

3 

Total 

644 

889 

603 

538 

193 

219 

151 

170 

451 

670 

452 

368 

a,  10  gas  wells,  b,  7 gas  wells,  c,  1 gas  well,  d,  1 gas  well,  e,  8 gas 
wells,  f,  1 gas  well. 

Well  Record  in  the  Corsicana  and  Powell  Oil  Districts, 

1898-1909. 


Wells. 


Year 


Comp- 

leted. 

Produc- 

ing. 

Dry 

Gas 

Aban- 

doned. 

Drilling 

1898 

374 

342 

28 

4 

7 

154 

1899 

268 

169 

a 90 

9 

79 

154 

1900 

373 

b 261 

98 

14 

112 

157 

1901 

68 

c 47 

16 

5 

27 

51 

1902 

28 

d 12 

13 

3 

45 

23 

1903 

100 

70 

23 

7 

51 

65 

1904 

74 

46 

25 

3 

31 

23 

1905 

68 

48 

18 

2 

41 

25 

1906 

330 

217 

100 

13 

79 

1907 

129 

71 

52 

6 

24 

1908  ... 

52 

37 

15 

21 

1909 

123 

91 

29 

3 

43 

Total 

1,987  1 

1,411 

507 

69 

560 

652 

a,  includes  2 artesian  wells,  b,  includes  56  wells  in  heavy  oil  district, 
c,  includes  10  wells  in  heavy  oil  district,  d,  includes  2 wells  in  heavy  oil  dis- 
trict. 


A View  in  the  Corsicana  Oil  Field, ^Navarro  County. 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


13 


In  1908  there  were  completed  603  wells,  of  which  151  were  dry  and 
45?  were  productive.  In  1909  there  were  completed  538  wells,  of  which 
170  were  dry  and  368  were  productive. 

During  the  last  four  years  there  were  completed  in  the  Gulf  Field 
2,674  wells,  of  which  733,  or  27.4  per  cent,  were  dry  and  1,941,  or  72.6 
per  cent,  were  productive. 

Of  each  100  wells  drilled  during  this  period  27.4  were  dry  and  this 
is  about  the  proportion  for  the  United  States  at  large. 

These  statistics,  for  the  most  part,  are  based  on  the  returns  made 
to  the  Oil  Investors’  Journal,  Beaumont,  an  excellent  publication. 

While  these  statistics  were  being  compiled  the  Oil  Investors’  Journal, 
Houston,  issued  its  Annual  Statistical  Number  and  a great  deal  of 
valuable  information  is  to  be  obtained  from  it.  According  to  this  au- 
thority the  production  of  oil  in  Texas  in  1909  was  9,256,972  barrels, 
valued  at  $7,220,438,  an  average  of  78  cents  per  barrel.  This  makes, 
according  to  this  Journal,  the  total  production,  to  the  close  of  the  year 
1909,  138,293,757  barrels,  with  a total  value  of  $61,050,671,  an  average 
of  a little  over  44  cents  a barrel.  The  average  value  per  barrel  in  1909 
is  6.4  cents  below  the  high  water  mark  of  1907  (84.4  cents),  since  the 
discovery  of  oil  in  Spindle  Top,  January,  1901.  Since  1905  the  pro- 
duction of  oil  in  Texas  has  fallen  18,869,217  barrels,  but  the  value  is 
only  $331,924  less  than  it  was  in  1905.  In  1905  the  average  value  was 
26.8  cents,  while  it  was  78  cents  in  1909. 

The  total  pipe  line  mileage  in  the  State,  according  to  the  Oil  In- 
vestors’ Journal,  may  safely  be  taken  at  between  1250  and  1300  miles. 
The  exact  figures,  by  districts,  will  be  given  in  this  Journal  as  soon  as 
possible,  bringing  the  matter  down  to  date. 

I can  not  forbear  to  express  my  appreciation  of  the  excellent  manner 
in  which  the  oil  statistics  are  collected  and  arranged  by  the  Oil  In- 
vestors’ Journal.  Practically  all  of  the  reliable  information  on  the 
condition  of  the  oil  industry  in  this  State  is  to  be  found  in  the  files 
of  this  publication. 

What  is  to  be  the  future  of  the  oil  industry  in  Texas?  Since  the 
year  1901  we  have  produced  oil  at  the  rate  of  15,863,443  barrels  a year. 
New  districts  have  been  opened  and  have  come  into  production.  Is  the 
present  rate  of  production  to  be  maintained,  increased  or  diminished? 
It  is  impossible  to  give  a satisfactory  replv  to  this  question,  for  many 
indeterminable  factors  come  into  play.  We  may  estimate  the  reserves 
of  coal,  lignite,  iron,  etc.  with  a reasonable,  degree  of  accuracy  but  when 
it  comes  to  oil  we  are  completely  at  sea.  Prior  to  January,  1901,  when 
the  great  Lucas  gusher  was  brought  in  at  Spindle  Top,  the  wildest 
"wild  cat”  that  ever  roamed  the  forests  could  not  have  foreseen  {hat  in 
four  3-ears  the  production  of  oil  in  Texas  would  rise  to  28,136,189 
barrels. 

Are  there  other  surprises  awaiting  us  ? I do.  not  know.  If  any  man 
knows  let  him  hie  hence  forthwith  and  secure  his  options.  The  old 
prophets  are  all  dead  and  there  are  few,  if  any,  lineal  descendants. 
We  may  guess,  of  course,  but  this  kind  of  guessing  costs  a great  deal  of 
money. 

The  coastal  plain,  which  has  afforded  so  large  a quantity  of  oil, 
covers  a great  area.  Within  it  there  may  still  be  tremendous  supplies 
of  oil  as  yet  untouched.  The  geological  conditions  that  maintain  in 


14 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


productive  districts  are  to  be  seen  in  others  not  yet  developed,  but 
whether  the  oil  is  there  or  not  I am  unable  to  say.  It  is  practically 
impossible  to  estimate  the  supply  of  oil  within  a comparatively  re- 
stricted area  already  producing. 

There  are  extensive  areas  in  Texas  which  would  afford  large  supplies 
of  natural  gas  but  it  is  only  within  the  last  few  months  that  any  con- 
siderable use  has  been  made  of  this  ideal  fuel.  Natural  gas  is  now 
piped  from  the  Henrietta-Petrolia  fields  in  Clay , county  to  Fort  Worth 
and  Dallas,  a distance  of  110  miles,  and  sold  at  50  cents  per  thousand 
cubic  feet.  The  flourishing  town  of  Wichita  Falls  is  supplied  with 
natural  gas  at  9 cents  per  thousand  cubic  feet  and  a proposition  has 
been  made  to  reduce  this  price  to  7 cents.  In  connection  with  the 
natural  gas  field  northwest  of  Fort  Worth  it  might  be  possible  to 
utilize  the  copper  ores  that  are  known  to  exist  in  the  counties  of 
Archer,  Hardeman,  Knox,  Wichita,  Wilbarger,  etc.,  for  the  production 
of  copper  matte. 

In  the  oil  fields  of  Jefferson,  Liberty,  Harris,  Matagorda,  Navarro, 
etc.,  very  heavy  gas  pressures  have  been  observed.  On  the  San  Antonio 
and  Medina  rivers,  12  to  ?0  miles  from  the  city  of  San  Antonio,  is 
another  promising  gas  field  within  such  easy  distance  of  a large  popu- 
lation as  to  cause  some  surprise  at  the  lack  of  development.  Near  the 
town  of  Santa  Anna,  Coleman  county,  and  within  a very  short  dis- 
tance of  a large  deposit  of  the  best  glass  sands  in  the  State,  is  another 
gas  field  awaiting  development.  The  gas  at  Santa  Anna  has  been  used 
locally  for  heating  and  power  purposes  in  a small  way.  Taken  in  con- 
nection with  the  glass  sands  there  the  occurrence  of  natural  gas  at 
Santa  Anna  makes  it  possible  to  enter  upon  the  manufacture  of  glass- 
ware under  favorable  conditions.  The  natural  gas  at  Atlanta,  Cass 
countv,  is  used  for  operating  gas  engines  and  locomotives. 

At  Trickham,  in  the  southeast  part  of  Coleman  county,  there  is  both 
oil  and  gas.* 

Coal  and  Lignite. 


The  production  of  coal  and  lignite  in  Texas  from  1884  to  1909,  in- 
clusive, is  given  in  the  following  table : 


Production  of  Coal  and  Lignite  in  Texas,  1884-1909 — Short  Tons. 


Year 


Produc- 

tion. 


1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 
1892.. 


125.000 

100.000 
100,000 

75.000 

90.000 
128,216 
184,440 
172,100 
245,690 


*The  Reeves  county  oil  fields,  north  of  Toyah,  are  now  attracting  considerable 
attention.  It  is  likely  that  the  area  there  will  be  extended  into  El  Paso,  Pecos 
and  Brewster  counties. 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


15 


Year. 

Produc- 

tion. 

1893  

302,206 

1894  

420,848 

1895  

480,959 

1896  

544,015 

1897  

639,341 

1898  

686,734 

1899  

883,832 

1900  

968,375 

1901  

1,107,953 

1902  

901,912 

1903  

926,759 

1904  

1,195,944 

1905  

1,200,684 

1906  

1,312,873 

1907  

1,648,069 

1908  

1,895,377 

1909  

1,859,259 

18,199,584 

These  statistics,  with  the  exception  of  the  returns  for  1909,  are  from 
the  reports  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey.  The  returns  for 
1909  were  made  by  the  producers  direct  to  the  Bureau  of  Economic 
Geology.  They  may  be  increased  by  as  much  as  35,000  tons  of  lignite. 
The  separate  production  and  value  of  coal  and  lignite  from  1895  to 
1909,  inclusive,  is  given  in  the  following  table: 


Production  and  Value  of  Coal  and  Lignite,  1895-1909 — Short 

Tons. 


Year] 

Coal — Tons 

Value 

Lignite 
— Tons. 

Value 

1895 

360,616 

$ 801,230 

124,343 

$ 111,908 

1896 

376,076 

747,872 

167,939 

148,379 

1897 

422,727 

792,838 

216,614 

179,485 

1898 

490,315 

968,871 

196,419 

170,892 

1899 

687,411 

1,188,177 

196,421 

146,718 

1900 

715,461 

1,350,607 

252,912 

231,307 

1901 

804,798 

1,655,736 

303,155 

251,288 

1902 

696,005 

1,326,155 

205,907 

151,090 

1903 

659,154 

1,289,110 

267,605 

216,273 

1904 

774,315 

1,652,992 

421,629 

330,644 

1905 

809,151 

1,684,527 

391,533 

284,031 

1906 

839,985 

1,779,890 

472,888 

399,011 

1907 

940,337 

2,062,918 

707,732 

715,893 

1908 

1,047,407 

2,580,991 

847,970 

838,490 

1909 

1,144,108 

2,714,630 

715,151 

592,421 

Total 

10,767,866 

$22,596,544 

5,488,218 

$4,767,830 

During  the  fifteen  years  ending  with  1909  the  production  of  bitumi- 
nous coal  was  10,767,866  short  tons,  valued  at  $22,596,544,  or  an  av- 
erage value,  at  the  mines,  of  about  $2.10  a ton.  The  increase  of  pro- 
duction during  this  period  was  from  360,616  tons,  valued  at  $801,230, 


16 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


in  1895  to  1,144,108  tons,  valued  at  $3,714,630  in  1909.  For  each  ton 
of  bituminous  coal  mined  in  1895  there  were  mined  3.17  tons  in  1909. 
In  1895  this  coal  was  valued  at  $3.32  a ton  at  the  mines  and  in  1909 
at  $2.37. 

During  these  fifteen  years  the  production  of  lignite  was  5,488.318 
short  tons,  valued  at  $4,767,830,  or  an  average  value  of’ 82.8  cents  per 
ton  at  the  mines.  The  increase  in  the  production  of  lignite  was  from 
124,343  tons  in  1895,  valued  at  $111,908,  to  715,151  tons,  valued  at 
$592,221,  in  1909.  For  each  ton  of  lignite  mined  in  1895  there  .were 
mined  5.75  tons  in  1909,  the  relative  values  being  90  cents  and  82.8 
cents  a ton  at  the  mines. 

A study  of  the  foregoing  table  shows  that  the  increase  in  the  produc- 
tion of  lignite  has  been  much  greater  than  in  that  of  bituminous  coal. 
If  the  lignite  rate  had  maintained  for  coal  the  production  of  coal  in 
1909  would  have  been  2,073,542  tons  instead  of  1,144,108  tons,  a dif- 
ference of  929,434  tons. 

During  the  last  five  years  the  increase  in  coal  production  was  41.4 
per  cent  and  for  lignite  82.7  per  cent,  twice  as  much  as  for  coal.  Last 
year  was  not  a good  year  for  lignite.  The  output  decreased  about 
100,000  tons.  On  the  other  hand  the  production  of  coal  was  the  largest 
on  record. 

It  is  likely  that  as  additional  experience  is  gained  in  the  use  of  lig- 
nite in  gas-producers,  with  subsequent  employment  of  gas  engines, 
there  will  be  a still  more  extensive  use  of  this  fuel.  Already  several 
Texas  establishments  are  using  lignite  in  a gas-producer  with  very 
satisfactory  results. 

There  are  in  Texas  three  bituminous  coal  fields,  one  in  the  north 
and  two  in  the  southwest.  The  northern  field  stretches,  in  a general 
way,  from  Bowie,  Montague  county,  to  south  of  the  Colorado  river,  in 
McCulloch  county.  In  this  area  the  present  coal-producing  counties 
are  Erath,  Palo  Pinto,  Parker,  Wise  and  Young.  But  there  are  ex- 
tensive areas  that  are  not  now  productive,  not  only  in  these  counties 
but  also  in  others  within  the  field,  such  as  Stephens,  Shackelford,  Jack, 
Brown,  Coleman,  Comanche,  Eastland,  McCulloch,  etc. 

As  was  remarked  by  the  writer  in  an  address  before  the  West  Texas 
Development  Congress,  San  Angelo,  December  6,  1909,  we  need  two 
more  railroads  for  the  development  of  the  northern  coal  field,  one  from 
Graham  to  Stamford  and  one  from  the  present  terminus  of  the  Wichita 
Falls  & Southern  Railway,  in  Young  county,  to  Brownwood  by  way  of 
Cisco.  The  road  from  Graham  to  Stamford  would  penetrate  one  of 
the  best  undeveloped  coal  fields  in  the  State  along  the  Cleak  Fork  of  the 
Brazos,  around  and  above  Crystal  Falls.  The  road  to  Brownwood,  bv 
wav  of  Cisco,  would  open  the  fields  in  Stephens,  Eastland  and  Brown 
counties.  It  has  recently  been  announced  that  steps  had  been  taken 
to  build  a road  from  Brownwood  to  the  coal  fields  in  McCulloch  county 
and  this  would  open  the  excellent  coal  along  the  Colorado  river. 

In  the  southwest  part  of  the  State,  in  the  counties  of  Maverick  and 
Webb,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  there  are  two  other  bituminous  coal  fields. 
These  are  not  as  large  as  the  northern  field  but  produce  an  excellent 
steam  and  domestic  coal.  These  fields  are  known  respectively  as  the 
Eagle  Pass  and  the  Laredo  fields. 


Change  of  Shift  at  a Texas  Coal  Mine. 


The  Mineral  Resources  oe  Texas. 


17 


In  Texas  we  still  lack  a good  coking  coal,  although  some  of  the  coals 
already  opened  would  afford  a fair  coke  if  they  were  washed  to  reduce 
the  amount  of  ash  and  sulphur.  Coke  made  from  these  coals  has  a 
srood  structure  and  a fair  strength,  but  is  apt  to  run  high  in  sulphur. 
By  giving  close  attention  to  the  preparation  of  the  coal  before  charging 
the  ovens  it  would  he  possible  to  make  a coke  that  would  answer  for  all 
ordinary  purposes. 

The  total  production  of  coal  and  lignite  in  Texas,  since  the  year  1884, 
may  be  taken  at  18,199,584  tons  of  2000  pounds.  The  probable  value 
would  be  close  to  $30,000,000. 

There  are  no  very  accurate  estimates  of  the  workable  area  of  coal  and 
lignite  in  this  State.  The  latest  are  those  of  Mr.  M.  R.  Campbell,  of 
the  United  States  Geological  Survey.  For  the  workable  coal  he  gives 
an  area  of  8,200  square  miles,  with  an  additional  area  of  5,300  square 
miles  which  may  contain  workable  seams.  The  total  area  is  thus  13,500 
square  miles. 

For  the  workable  lignite  he  gives  an  area  of  2,000  square  miles, 
with  an  additional  area  of  53,000  square  miles  which  may  contain 
workable  seams.  The  total  area  for  the  lignite  is  thus  55,000  square 
miles.  The  total  workable  area  for  both  coal  and  lignite  is  10,200  square 
miles  with  an  additional  area  of  58,300  square  miles  that  may  prove  to 
be  workable. 

Mr.  Campbell  thought  that  the  original  supply  of  bituminous  coal  in 
Texas  was  8,000,000,000  tons  and  of  lignite  23,000,000,000  tons,  or  a 
total  fuel  supply  of  31,000,000,000  tons.  If  we  allow  that  each  ton  of 
fuel  mined  represents  a loss  of  14  tons  the  18,199,584  tons  already 
mined  would  represent  a fuel  loss  of  27,299,376  tons.  On  this  basis,  if 
we  should  mine  ten  million  tons  a year  instead  of  nearly  two  million, 
as  at  present,  the  supply  of  coal  and  lignite  would  last  more  than  3000 
years.  We  may  multiply  our  present  production  by  five  and  still  have 
enough  fuel  for  3000  years. 

Somewhere  about  the  year  5000  we  may  begin  to  feel  a shortage  of 
fuel.  It  does  not  appear  that  we  need  to  concern  ourselves  unduly  over 
the  conservation  of  our  supplies  of  mineral  fuel,  except  to  see  that 
wasteful  methods  of  mining  and  using-  it  are  done  away  with. 

At  the  average  value  that  has  maintained  during  the  last  fifteen 
years  the  8,000,000,000  tons  of  coal  originally  present  in  Texas  would 
be  worth  more  than  $16,000,000,000  on  cars  at  the  mine  and  the 
23,000,000,000  tons  of  lignite  would  be  forth  $18,860,000,000,  a total 
value  of  more  than  $34,000,000,000.  The  coal  and  lignite  now  remain- 
ing in  the  ground  are  worth  certainly  as  much  as  $34,000,000,000,  or 
nearly  five  times  the  entire  value  of  all  of  the  farm  products  of  Texas, 
together  with  the  value  of  all  the  horses,  mules,  cows,  sheep,  goats  and 
hogs.  As  a mineral  producing  State  Texas  has  not  even  scratched  the 
surface,  for  in  addition  to  coal  and  lignite  there  are  very  large  reserves 
of  other  material  awaiting  development.  But  I speak  here  more  partic- 
ularly with  reference  to  the  coal  and  lignite,  for  it  is  upon  supplies  of 
cheap  and  efficient  fuel  that  our  prosperity  is  to  be  based.  If  Texas  is 
ever  to  become  a manufacturing  and  industrial  community  it  will,  be 
because  the  advantages  here  are  greater  than  elsewhere  and  because  of 
the  liberal  legislation  that  will  induce  investments  and  protect  them. 


18 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


Clay  Products. 

Next  in  value,  below  petroleum,  coal  and  lignite,  are  the  clay  pro- 
ducts of  the  State,  with  a total  value  of  $28,469,983  to  the  close  of  the 
year  1908. 

The  value  of  the  clay  products  from  1882  to  1893,  inclusive,  is  esti- 
mated at  $6,400,000.  Beginning  with  the  year  1894  the  yearly  value  is 
as  follows: 


Yearly  Value  of  the  Clay  Products  of  Texas,  1894-1908. 


Year 

Brick  and 
Tile. 

Pottery 

Total 

1 *82-1893 

$6,400,000 

1894 ' 

1,028,853 

1895 

1,030,446 

1896 

1 $ 857,672 

$ 58,081 

915,753 

1897 

1,134,829 

62,201 

1,197,030 

1898 

631,738 

55,342 

758,211 

1899 

1,139,067 

82,052 

1,221,119 

1900 

1,083,553 

87,464 

1,171,017 

1901 

1,632,189 

91,186 

1,723,375 

1902 

1,595,612 

98,202 

1,693,814 

1903 

1,374,914 

97,666 

1,475,445 

1904 

1,429,596 

106,501 

1,536,097 

1905 

1,618,157 

100,788 

1,718,945 

1906 

1,860,963 

108,635 

1,975,582 

1907 

2,447,561 

110,000 

2,557,561 

1908 

1,941,589 

125, i46 

2,066,735 

Total 

$18,747,440 

$1,183,264 

$28,469,983 

Note. — In  the  total  for  the  year  1898!  there  is  included  “Miscellaneous,” 
$71,131.  In  the  total  for  1903  there  is  included  “Raw  Clay,”  $2,865,  and  in 
1906,  $5,984.  The  value  of  the  pottery  in  1907  is  estimated. 

We  have  in  Texas  a great  variety  of  clays  suitable  for  almost  every 
purpose  from  the  high  grade  kaolin  of  Edwards  county  to  the  common- 
est brick  clays.  Clays  for  all  kinds  of  brick,  with  the  possible  exception 
of  the  best  quality  of  fire-brick,  for  all  kinds  of  tiling  and  sewer  pipe, 
electric  insulators,  sanitary  ware  and  paving  abound  in  many  portions 
of  the  State.  The  specimens  of  porcelain  made  from  the  Edwards 
county  kaolin  left  nothing  to  be  desired  either  in  form,  beauty  of  de- 
sign or  excellence  of  quality.  The  paving  brick  industry  has  been  es- 
tablished on  a considerable  scale  and  many  of  our  towns  and  cities  have 
been  beautified  and  improved  through  this  medium.  Materials  for  the 
manufacture  of  hydraulic  and  Portland  cement,  so  closely  connected 
with  the  clay  industry,  are  to  be  found  in  very  large  quantities  in  many 
of  our  counties  and  are  now  being  used  in  several  factories. 

There  is  an  almost  unlimited  field  for  the  development  of  the  clay 
and  cement  industries  in  Texas. 

Many  of  the  best  qualities  of  clay  lie  in  immediate  association  with 
beds  of  coal  and  lignite,  so  that  questions  of  fuel  need  not  arise.  The 
increasing  scarcity  and  cost  of  lumber  draws  attention,  to  brick  and 


The  Mineral  Besources  of  Texas. 


19 


cement  for  structural  purposes  while  the  increase  in  population  and 
wealth  in  the  towns  and  cities  requires  more  paving  and  better  paving. 
A well  paved  citv  is  not  a luxury,  it  is  a necessity  demanded  by  every 
condition  of  modern  life. 


Stone  (.Granite,  Limestone  and  Sandstone). 

The  total  value  of  the  stone  produced  in  Texas,  so  far  as  can  now  be 
ascertained,  is  $7,435,306. 

So  far  as  now  appears  possible  to  separate  these  three  items  they  are 


as  follows: 

Value. 

Granite $ 2,687,173 

Limestone 2.232,978 

Sandstone  1,357,619 

The  three  combined  1,157,536 


$ 7,435,306 

It  is  likely  that  the  total  value  of  these  three  materials  is  much  in 
excess  of  the  amount  just  given,  but  accurate  statistics  are  lacking. 
There  is  a considerable  variety  of  granite  in  the  counties  of  Brewster, 
Burnet,  El  Paso,  Gillespie,  Llano,  Mason,  and  Presidio,  red,  light  gray, 
dark  gray,  bluish  gray,  etc.  Many  handsome  structures  have  been  built 
of  Texas  granite,  the  Capitol  at  Austin,  the  Postoffice  at  Kansas  City, 
etc.,  and  in  addition  a great  deal  has  been  used  on  the  sea-wall  at  Gal- 
veston, in  monuments,  etc.  A new  quarry  of  a superior  gray  stone  now 
being  opened  in  Brewster  county,  near  Marathon. 

There  are  excellent  limestones  and  sandstones  for  building  purposes 
in  many  parts  of  the  State,  near  Austin,  Travis  county ; near  San  An- 
tonio, Bexar  county:  near  Jacksboro,  Jack  county;  near  Lueders,  Jones 
county;  at  Leander  and  Cedar  Park,  Williamson  county,  etc.,  etc. 

A mere  enumeration  of  the  localities  which  could  furnish  excellent 
limestone,  both  for  the  making  of  lime  and  for  structural  purposes 
would  carry  us  much  beyond  the  limits  of  this  paper. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  the  sandstone,  although  special  mention 
might  be  made  of  the  Moulton  stone,  Lavaca  county;  the  red  sandstone 
near  Barstow,  Ward  county  : the  fine  grained  sandstone  at  ChaddiclCs 
mill  on  the  Colorado  river,  Lampasas  county. 

There  is  no  lack  of  good  stone  in  Texas. 

In  this  connection  I may  be  pardoned  for  digressing  a moment  to 
speak  of  the  beautiful  serpentines  of  Llano  and  Gillespie  counties  and 
the  opal-granite  of  Llano  county.  At  the  St.  Louis  Exposition  spYndid 
specimens  of  these  stones,  cut  and  polished  as  slabs,  columns,  etc.,  were 
shown  and  they  attracted  a great  deal  of  attention.  None  of  these 
stones,  however,  are  on  the  market  and  there  has  been  no  commercial 
production  of  any  of  them. 

The  same  may  be  said  as  to  the  beautiful  golden  and  silver-black 
onyx  of  San  Saba  county;  the  marble  of  Llano,  Gillespie,  San  Saba, 
El  Paso,  Presidio,  Travis,  Brewster,  etc.  They  are  fine  stones  and  will 
some  day  come  into  use,  but  they  are  not  offered  on  the  market  now. 

A famous  architect  from  New  York  City  recently  examined  the  col- 


20 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


lection  of  building  stones  at  the  University  and  expressed  the  greatest 
surprise  and  pleasure.  He  said  that  he  had  no  conception  of  the  variety 
of  coloring,  texture  and  beauty  of  these  stones.  But  they  remain  as  an 
asset  for  the  future  Not  one  of  them  is  offered  commercially.  Hand- 
some building  and  ornamental  stones  are  used  in  the  great  centers  of 
population  and  wealth  and  we  may  have  to  wait  a while  in  Texas  for 
the  development  of  what  is  here. 

Silver. 

Silver  appears  as  an  item  in  the  statement  of  values  to  the  amount 
of  $6,014,34.1.  All  of  this  comes  from  the  Shatter  Silver  Mine,  Shat- 
ter, Presidio  county.  Operations  have  been  conducted  there  for  many 
years  and  the  industry  still  maintains. 

Attention  might  be  called  here  to  the  rich  copper-silver  ores  of  the 
Sierra  Diablo,  north  of  Van  Horn,  El  Paso  county.  Ore  from  the  old 
Hazel  Mine,  long  since  closed  down,  has  assayed  as  high  as  2000  ounces 
of  silver  per  ton,  in  addition  to  the  copper. 

The  Sierra  Diablo  is  a most  promising  district  for  copper-silver  ores 
and  if  it  were  almost  anywhere  else  would  be  the  scene  of  active  op- 
erations. 

Pig  Iron.* 

The  next  item  on  our  list  is  pig  iron  with  a total  value  of  $3,000,000 
a part  of  which  had  to  be  estimated. 

This  has  been  produced  in  the  counties  of  Cherokee  and  Marion  of 
local  ores.  When  charcoal  was  used  as  a fuel  the  pig  iron  was  in  active 
demand  among  the  makers  of  car  wheels  and  for  other  purposes  requir- 
ing a tough  and  fluid  iron.  For  the  production  of  the  150,000  tons  of 
pig  iron  there  were  used  about  375,000  tons  of  iron  ore,  all  from  this 
State.  The  recent  purchases  of  large  holdings  of  iron  ore  lands  in  east 
Texas  by  one  of  the  greatest  of  the  iron  and  steel  corporations  directs 
attention  anew  to  the  possibilities  in  this  element  of  our  mineral  wealth. 

The  iron  ores  of  Llano,  Mason,  etc.,  are  somewhat  richer  in  iron  than 
the  east  Texas  ores,  but  are  not  so  easily  reduced  in  the  furnace. 

Salt. 

The  salt  manufactured  from  the  brines  of  Colorado  City,  Grand 
Saline,  Salt  City,  etc.,  has  a total  value  of  $2,403,857.  The  industry 
is  well  established.  There  may  be  possibilities  in  the  recovery  of  by- 
products from  the  mother  liquor  of  the  vats  in  the  salt  factories,  but 
they  are  not  yet  fully  investigated. 

Quicksilver. 

During  the  last  eleven  years  there  has  been  produced  in  this  State 
$1,633,713  worth  of  quicksilver,  all  from  the  southern  part  of  Brewster 
county,  west  of  the  Chisos  Mountains.  California  and  Texas  are  the 
only  States  that  produce  this  metal  in  commercial  quantities,  although 

*The  first  shipment  of  East  Texas  iron  ore  to  Philadelphia  left  Texas  City 
June  15,  1910,  via  S.  S.  “F.  J.  Luckenbach.”  The  amount  was  568  tons.  It 
came  from  near  Jefferson,  Marion  county. 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


21 


the  deposits  of  cinnabar  in  Oregon  and  Arizona  are  of  a promising 
character. 

The  Brewster  county  district  is  somewhat  remote  from  rail,  the  dis- 
tances varying  from  100  to  130  miles.  On  this  account  the  development 
has  been  retarded.  Access  to  the  district  is  by  way  of  Marathon,  Al- 
pine and  Marfa,  stations  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway.  Should  the 
proposed  line  of  the  Kansas  City,  Mexico  & Orient  Railway  be  constructed 
through  Brewster  and  Presidio  counties,  from  San  Angelo  to  Presidio 
del  Norte,  the  quicksilver  district  would  be  brought  to  within  60  miles 
of  rail.  The  Texas  quicksilver  ores  are  of  much  better  quality  than  the 
ore  in  California. 

The  Texas  deposits  are  in  limestone  and  a bituminous  shale,  the  lat- 
ter yielding  also  gas  and  oil. 

The  limits  of  this  paper  do  not  allow  of  an  extended  mention  of  the 
other  mineral  products  of  the  State  which  enter  into  the  statement  of 
values.  The  mineral  water  industry  has  added  $2,162,635  to  the  total 
and  all  other  products  $18,041,529.  These  other  products  comprise 
asphalt  and  asphalt  rocks;  celestite;  copper;  gold;  gypsum;  lead;  lime; 
natural  gas;  sand  and  gravel;  zinc  and  all  other  unlisted  materials. 

The  asphalt  rocks,  bituminous  limestones  and  sandstones,  occur 
chiefly  in  the  counties  of  Anderson,  Burnet,  Cooke,  Jasper,  Martin,  Nac- 
ogdoches, Montague,  Uvalde,  etc.  Some  of  them  form  excellent  material 
for  paving  purposes,  but  the  active  competition  on  the  part  of  sheet 
asphalt  pavements  and  bitulithic  pavements  has  deterred  capital  from 
seeking  investments  in  this  direction.  Natural  rock  asphalt  pavements 
have  to  compete  with  brick  pavements  also,  so  that  they  have  three 
active  rivals  in  the  public  favor. 

There  is  not  much  production  of  copper,  gold,  lead  or  zinc  in  Texas, 
although  the  ores  of  these  metals  are  known  to  exist  under  favorable 
conditions  in  more  than  one  locality  in  west  Texas,  especially  in  the 
Quitman  Mountains,  the  Chinati  Mountains  and  the  Sierra  Diablo. 
The  tin  deposits  in  the  Franklin  Mountains,  north  of  El  Paso,  are  now 
being  exploited  and  the  reports  indicate  the  existence  of  good  ore  in 
workable  quantities. 

Of  gypsum,  ordinary  and  in  the  form  of  alabaster,  there  are  many 
excellent  localities  in  Texas,  the  largest  and  what  may  prove  to  be  the 
best,  being  in  the  southern  part  of  Stonewall  county,  a region  now  being 
opened  by  railroads. 

One  of  the  new  industries  in  the  State  is  the  large  use  of  natural  gas, 
especially  in  the  cities  of  Fort  Worth  and  Dallas  and  the  towns  that  lie 
between  these  and  the  Clay  county  fields.  It  is  an  ideal  fuel  and,  with 
proper  burners,  is  also  exceedingly  adapted  for  use  as  an  illuminant.* 

South  of  San  Antonio,  from  10  to  20  miles,  there  may  be  developed 
another  natural  gas  field  and  certainly  the  citizens  of  that  beautiful 
and  enterprising  city  should  look  into  this  matter. 

Tn  order  to  set  forth  the  yearly  production  of  minerals,  etc.,  in 
Texas  the  following  lists  have  been  prepared  from  the  reports  of  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey,  with  some  minor  additions  and  esti- 
mates. While  absolute  accuracy  is  not  claimed  for  them  yet  they  are 

'^Natural  gas  is  used  in  Atlanta,  Cass  county,  for  operating  gas  engines  and 
locomotives. 


22 


The  Mineral  Resources  oe  Texas. 


the  best  we  now  have.  Only  those  who  have  undertaken  to  collect  and 
digest  such  statistics  can  appreciate  the  difficulties  involved. 

There  is  no  agency  in  Texas  for  the  collection  of  such  data,  nor  has 
there  been  in  many  years.  Producers  can  not  be  compelled  to  give  the 
desired  information,  so  that  it  is  largely  a personal  matter  and  has  to 
be  approached  with  tact  and  patience. 

I think  that  we  make  a great  mistake  in  not  having  some  agency  in 
Texas  for  the  collection  of  industrial  statistics,  corresponding,  to  some 
extent,  to  the  Department  of  Industrial  Affairs,  in  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania. The  several  State  Departments  here  are  doing  a great  work 
with  meager  appropriations  and  we  need  to  strengthen  their  hands,  up- 
hold their  work  and  sustain  them  in  all  of  their  laudable  efforts  to  tell 
us  and  the  world  at  large  what  Texas  is  doing. 

To  do  in  Texas  and  for  Texas  what  Texas  needs  is  a work  that  any 
man  should  be  proud  to  engage  in.  We  do  not  need  more  State  pride, 
for  there  is  no  man  living  who  is  big  enough  to  measure  the  vastness  of 
this  Empire,  but  what  we  do  need  is  more  money  to  advertise  Texas. 
We  may  differ  in  politics,  in  race  and  in  religion,  but  if  we  are  to  enter 
upon  this  heavenly  heritage  we  must  do  so  with  a united  front,  as  Tex- 
ans, native  or  adopted,  it  makes  no  difference. 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1882-1886. 


Clay  products,  estimated  value $ 1,500,000 

Coal  (including  lignite),  estimated,  500,000  tons 1,000,000 

Iron  ore,  33,100  tons 33,100 

Pig  iron,  12,400  tons,  estimated  value 248,000 

Silver,  155,039  ounces,  commercial  value 154,263 

All  other  products,  including  building  stone,  cement,  gyp- 
sum, salt,  etc.,  estimated 2,000,000 


Total  value  for  five  years $ 4,935,363 


Xote. — The  value  of  the  building  stone  used  in  the  construction  of 
the  State  Capitol  is  taken  at  $1,000,000  and  is  included  in  the  above 
figures. 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1887. 


Clay  products,  estimated $ 400,000 

Coal  and  lignite,  75,000  short  tons 150,000 

Iron  ore,  9000  short  tons 9,000 

Lime,  80,000  barrels,  estimated  value 80,000 

Pig  iron,  3900  long  tons 78,000 

Silver,  193,798  ounces,  commercial  value 189,534 

All  other  products,  including  building  stone,  cement,  gyp- 
sum, salt,  etc.,  estimated 100,000 


Total  $1,006,534 


Texas  Mineral  Products,  1888. 


Clay  products,  estimated  value $ 500,000 

Coal  and  lignite,  90,000  short  tons 184,500 


Red  Sandstone  Quarry,  near  Barstow,  Ward  County. 


The  Mineral  Kesources  of  Texas.  23 

Iron  ore,  estimated,  15,000  short  tons 15,000 

Lime,  129,475  barrels. 125,000 

Pig  iron,  5862  long  tons 117,240 

Silver,  232,558  ounces,  commercial  value 218.604 

All  other  products,  including  building  stone,  cement,  gyp- 
sum salt,  etc 125,000 


Total  ....' $ 1,255,344 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1889. 

Clay  products,  estimated $ 600,000 

Coal  and  lignite,  128,216  short  tons 340,617 

Gold,  value  6,828 

Granite,  value  22,550 

Iron  ore.  13,000  short  tons 13,000 

Limestone,  value  217,835 

Mineral  waters,  213,700  gallons 10,354 

Petroleum,  48  barrels 340 

Pig  iron,  4044  long  tons 80,880 

Sandstone,  value 14,651 

Silver,  324,165  ounces,  commercial  value 303,418 

All  other  products,  including  cement,  gypsum,  salt,  etc ...  . 150,000 


Total  $ 1,760,473 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1890. 

Cement,  hydraulic,  40,000  barrels.  $ 40,000 

Clay  products,  estimated  value 700,000 

Coal  and  lignite,  184,440  short  tons 465,900 

Granite,  value 22,550 

Iron  ore,  22,000  tons 22,000 

Mineral  waters,  298,200  gallons * 16,040 

Petroleum,  54  barrels 227 

Pig  iron,  9669  long  tons 193,380 

Silver,  300,690  ounces,  commercial  value : 312,709 

All  other  products,  estimated 200,000 


Total $ 1,992,806 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1891. 

Cement,  hydraulic,  40,000  bales $ 40,000 

Clay  products,  estimated 800,000 

Coal  and  lignite,  172,100  short  tons 412,360 

Granite,  value 75,000 

Iron  ore,  51,000  long  tons. 51,000 

Limestone,  value 175,000 

Mineral  waters,  271,410  gallons 23,132 

Petroleum,  54  barrels 227 

Pig  iron,  18,602  long  tons 372,040 


24  The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 

Sandstone,  value  6,000 

Silver,  375,000  ounces,  commercial  value 370,500 

All  other  products,  estimated  value 200,000 


Total  $ 2,525,259 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1892. 

Cement,  hydraulic,  40,000  barrels  . . $ 40,000 

Clay  products,  estimated  value 900,000 

Coal  and  lignite,  245,690  short  tons 569,333 

Granite,  value 50,000 

Iron  ore,  24,903  long  tons 24,000 

Limestone,  value  180,000 

Mineral  water,  405,400  gals 24,535 

Petroleum,  45  barrels 225 

Pig  iron,  8613  long  tons 172,260 

Salt,  121,250  barrels 99,500 

Sandstone,  value  48,000 

Silver,  328,100  ounces,  commercial  value 287,087 

All  other  products,  estimated  value 200,000 


Total  $ 3,295,240 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1893. 

Cement,  hydraulic,  10,000  barrels $ 27,500 

Clay  products,  estimated  value 1,000,000 

Coal  and  lignite,  302,206  short  tons 688,407 

Granite,  value 38,991 

Iron  ore,  25,620  long  tons 25,000 

Limestone,  value 28,100 

Mineral  waters,  359,070  gallons 21,957 

Natural  gas,  value 500 

Petroleum,  50  barrels 210 

Pig  iron,  6215  long  tons 124,300 

Salt,  126,000  barrels 110,267 

Sandstone,  value 77,675 

Silver,  349,400  ounces,  commercial  value 272,530 

All  other  products,  estimated 250,000 


Total  $ 2,655,437 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1894. 

Asphalt,  3000  short  tons $ 45,000 

Cement — Hydraulic,  12,000  barrels,  $18,000 1 Portland,  8000 

barrels,  $24,000  42,000 

Clay  products,  value 1,028,853 

Coal  and  lignite,  420,848  short  tons \ . . . 976,458 

Gold,  209  ounces 4,300 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas.  25 

Gypsum,  6925  short  tons 27,300 

Iron  ore,  15,361  long  tons 11,521 

Limestone,  value 41,526 

Mineral  waters,  1,857,950  gallons 162,220 

Petroleum,  60  barrels 420 

Pig  iron,  4671  long  tons. 93,420 

Salt,  142,857  barrels 101,000 

Sandstone,  value 62,350 

Silver,  429,314  ounces,  commercial  value 270,467 

All  other  products,  estimated 250,000 


Total  $ 3,116,835 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1895. 

Asphalt,  1050  short  tons $ 10,000 

Asphalt,  crude  rock,  3500  short  tons 17,500 

Cement — Hydraulic,  10,000  barrels,  $17,000;  Portland,  10,- 

000  barrels,  $30,000 47,000 

Clay,  products,  value 1,030,446 

Coal  and  lignite,  484,959  short  tons 725,000 

Gypsum,  10,750  short  tons 36,511 

Iron  ore,  8371  long  tons.  ., 6,278 

Limestone,  value 62,526 

Mineral  waters,  1,479,570  gallons 72,100 

Petroleum,  50  barrels 350 

Pig  iron,  4682  long  tons 93,640 

Salt,  125,000  barrels ‘ 55,000 

Sandstone,  value 97,336 

Silver,  450,000  ounces,  commercial  value 292,850 

All  other  products,  estimated 300,000 


Total  $ 2,856,537 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1896. 

Asphalt,  crude  rock,  5000  tons $ 25,000 

Cement — Hydraulic,  12,000  barrels,  $18,000;  Portland,  8000 

barrels,  $24,000  •. 42,000 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $857,672;  pottery,  $58,081.  . 915,753 

Coal  and  lignite,  544,015  short  tons 896,251 

Gold,  387  ounces 8,000 

Gypsum,  16,022  short  tons 25,000 

Iron  ore,  4771  long  tons.  3,583 

Limestone,  value 77,252 

Mineral  waters,  4,005,912  gallons 172,138 

Petroleum,  1450  barrels 4,000 

Pig  iron,  1221  long  tons 24,420 

Salt,  estimated  150,000  barrels 75,000 

Sandstone,  value 36,000 


26 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


Silver,  525,400  ounces,  commercial  value 352,543 

All  other  products,  estimated 300,000 


Total  • .$  2,956,940 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1897. 

Asphalt,  65  short  tons $ 650 

Cement — Hydraulic,  11,390  barrels,  $17,085;  Portland,  7779 

barrels,  $23,334  40,419 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $1,134,829  ; pottery,  $62,210.  1,197,039 

Coal  and  lignite,  639,341  short  tons 972,323 

Gold,  358  ounces 7,400 

Granite,  value  3,500 

Gypsum,  24,454  short  tons 65,651 

Iron  ore,  13,588  long  tons 13,588 

Limestone,  value 57,258 

Mineral  waters,  2,060,292  gallons 38,745 

Petroleum,  65,975  barrels 65,975 

Pig  iron,  6175  long  tons 123,500 

Salt,  estimated,  225,500  barrels 122,750 

Sandstone,  value 30,000 

Silver,  404,700  ounces,  commercial  value 241,970 

All  other  products,  estimated 350,000 


Total  $ 3,330,798 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1898. 

Asphalt,  80  short  tons $ 1,000 

Cement — Hydraulic,  11,000  barrels,  $16,500;  Portland,  8000 

barrels,  $24,000  40,500 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $631,738;  pottery,  $55,342; 

miscellaneous,  $71,131  758,211 

Coal  and  lignite,  686,734  short  tons 1,139,763 

Granite,  value 4,685 

Gypsum,  34,215  short  tons 58,130 

Iron  ore,  9705  tons 3,882 

Limestone,  value 70,321 

Mineral  waters,  842,100  gallons 25,120 

Petroleum,  546,070  barrels 382,249 

Pig  iron,  5178  long  tons 103,560 

Salt,  254,284  barrels 119,700 

Sandstone,  value  . „ 77,190 

Silver,  472,900  ounces,  commercial  value 283,200 

All  other  products,  estimated 350,000 


Total 


$ 3,417,511 


Interior  View  of  Salt  Works. 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas.  27 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1899. 

Cement — Hydraulic,  12,000  barrels .$  12,400 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $1,139,067;  pottery,  $82,052.  1,221,119 

Coal  and  lignite,  883,832  short  tons 1,334,895 

Gold,  334  ounces.  . . 6,900 

Granite,  value, 84,945 

Gypsum,  53,773  short  tons 110,000 

Iron  ore,  14,729  tons : 14,729 

Limestone,  value, 100,025 

Mineral  waters,  4,729,950  gallons.  . 155,047 

Petroleum,  669,013  barrels 473,443 

Pig  iron,  5803  long  tons 116,060 

Quicksilver,  1000  flasks 1-2,000 

Salt,  312,436  barrels 204,330 

Sandstone,  value 35,738 

Silver,  520,000  ounces,  commercial  value 312,000 

All  other  products,  estimated 350,000 


Total  $ 4,573,631 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1900. 

Cement — Hydraulic,  17,000  barrels,  $28,900  ; Portland,  26,.- 

000  barrels,  $52,000 $ 80,900 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $1,083,553 ; pottery,  $87,464.  1,171,017 

Coal  and  lignite,  968,373  short  tons 1,581,914 

Gold,  53  ounces 1,100 

Granite,  value 76,069 

Gypsum,  50,000  short  tons 100,000 

Iron  ore,  16,881  long  tons 16,881 

Limestone,  value 124,728 

Mineral  waters,  5,438,700  gallons 209,991 

Natural  gas,  value 20,000 

Petroleum,  836,039  barrels , 871,996 

Pig  iron,  10,150  long  tons 203,000 

Quicksilver,  1800  flasks 75,600 

Salt,  320,000  barrels,  estimated 210,000 

Sandstone,  value 37,038 

Silver,  477,400  ounces,  commercial  value 295,988 

All  other  products,  estimated 400,000 


Total $ 5,316,222 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1901. 

Cement,  Portland  (including  one  plant  in  South  Dakota)  . . .$  215,327 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $1,632,189;  pottery,  $91,186.  1,723,375 

Coal  and  lignite,  1,107,953  short  tons 1,907,024 

Gold,  29  ounces 600 

Granite,  value 27,005 


28 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


Iron  ore,  estimated  value  5,000 

Limestone,  value  209,658 

Mineral  waters,  6,651,750  gallons 180,503 

Natural  gas,  value 18,577 

Petroleum,  4,393,658  barrels 1,247,351 

Pig  iron,  2273  long  tons 45,460 

Quicksilver,  2932  flasks 132,438 

Salt,  estimated  value 140,000 

Sandstone,  value 111,568 

Silver,  472,400  ounces,  commercial  value 284,040 

All  other  products,  estimated 400,000 


Total  $ 6,647,926 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1902. 

Cement — Hydraulic,  17,000  barrels,  $28,900;  Portland,  165,- 

500  barrels,  $234,950  $ 263,850 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $1,595,612;  pottery,  $98,- 

202  1,693,814 

Coal  and  lignite,  901,912  short  tons  1,477,245 

Granite,  value 60,000 

Gypsum,  estimated 100,000 

Iron  ore,  6516  tons 6,434 

Limestone,  value 228,662 

Mineral  waters,  6,568,550  gallons 362,446 

Natural  gas,  value 14,953 

Petroleum,  18,083,658  barrels 3,998,097 

Quicksilver,  5319  flasks 239,350 

Salt,  347,906  barrels 143,683 

Sandstone,  value  165,565 

Silver,  446,200  ounces,  commercial  value 236,486 

All  other  products,  estimated 400,000 


Total  $ 9,390,585 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1903. 

Asphalt,  2158  short  tons $ 30,550 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $1,374,914;  pottery,  $100,- 

531 ' 1,475,445 

Clay,  raw,  value 2,865 

Coal  and  lignite,  926,759  short  tons 1,505,383 

Coal  tar,  154,629  gallons 13,373 

Coal  gas,  131, 610, 100"  cubic  feet 205,949 

Gas  coke,  8755  short  tons 50.112 

Granite,  value . 173,325 

Iron  ore,  34,050  long  tons 34,050 

Limestone,  value 262,053 

Mineral  waters,  939,390  gallons 53,613 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


29 


Natural  gas,  value 13,851 

Petroleum,  17,955,572  barrels 7,517,479 

Pig  iron,  11,653  long  tons 233,060 

Quicksilver,  5029  flasks 211,218 

Salt,  314,000  barrels 117,647 

Sandstone,  value 114,381 

Silver,  454,400  ounces,  commercial  value 245,376 

All  other  products,  estimated 400,000 


Total  $12,766,865 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1904. 

Asphalt,  3 short  tons $ 60 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $1,429,596 ; pottery,  $106,- 

501  ‘ 1,536,097 

Coal  and  lignite,  1,195,944  short  tons 1,983,636 

Coal  tar,  185,364  gallons 13,838 

Coal  gas,  139,190,500  cubic  feet 211,962 

Gas  coke,  10,114  short  tons 60,895 

Gold,  9 ounces 186 

Granite,  value 348,317 

Gypsum,  estimated  value 100,000 

Iron  ore,  estimated  value 12,000 

Lime,  35,318  short  tons 141,500 

Limestone,  value  387,061 

Mineral  waters,  1,142,500  gallons 64,923 

Natural  gas  (including  Alabama),  value 14,082 

Petroleum,  22,241,413  barrels 8,156,220 

Quicksilver,  5336  flasks 232,116 

Salt,  376,695  barrels 149,246 

Sand,  9958  short  tons  6,783 

Sandstone,  value 209,313 

Silver,  385,576  ounces,  commercial  value 213,935 

Strontium  sulphate  (celestite),  17  short  tons 500 

411  other  products,  estimated 400,000 


Total  $14,353,270 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1905. 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $1,618,157 ; pottery,  $100,- 

788  T. $ 1,718,945 

Coal  and  lignite,  1,200,684  short  tons 1,968,558 

Gold,  12  ounces 248 

Granite,  value 132,193 

Gypsum,  estimated 100,000 

Lime,  31,984  short  tons 142,470 

Limestone,  value 171,847 

Mineral  waters,  1,526,970  gallons 144,421 


30 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


Natural  gas,  estimated 14,000 

Petroleum,  28,136,189  barrels 7,552,262 

Quicksilver,  4723  flasks 172^362 

Salt,  444,832  barrels 142,993 

Sand  and  gravel,  value 146,462 

Sandstone,  value 123,281 

Silver,  417,200  ounces 234,054 

All  other  products,  including  cement,  iron  ore,  pig  iron,  etc.  . 987,250 


Total  $13,752,346 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1906. 

Asphalt,  24,900  short  tons $ 306,750 

Clay  products — Brick  and  tile,  $1,860,963;  pottery,  $108,- 

635  1,969,598 

Clay,  raw,  3167  short  tons 5,984 

Coal  and  lignite,  1,312,873  short  tons 2,178,901 

Coal  tar,  236,341  gallons;  coal  gas,  166,917,672  cubic  feet; 

gas  coke,  11,984  short  tons 355,560 

Copper,  pounds,  51,377 9,916 

Gold,  77  ounces 1,592 

Granite,  value  168,061 

Gypsum,  estimated 100,000 

Iron  ore,  36,660  long  tons 36,660 

Lime,  41,183  short  tons 192,527 

Limestone,  value 239,125 

Mineral  waters,  1,045,315  gallons.  122,085 

Natural  gas  (including  Alabama  and  Louisiana)  . 150,695 

Petroleum,  12,567,897  barrels 6,565,578 

Quicksilver,  4761  flasks 178,829 

Salt,  360,733  barrels 170,559 

Sand  and  gravel,- 314,110  short  tons 159,367 

Sandstone,  value 111,533 

Silver,  301,772  ounces,  commercial  value 202,187 

Zinc,  8 short  tons 976 

All  other  products 1,524,554 


Total  $14,751,037 

Texas  Mineral  Products,  1907. 

Asphalt,  53,649  short  tons $ 929,857 

Clay  products  (brick,  tile  and  pottery) 2,557,561 

Coal  and  lignite,  1,648,069  short  tons 2,778,811 

Gold,  48  ounces.  1,000 

Lead,  10  short  tons 1,060 

Lime,  38,101  short  tons 186,372 

Mineral  waters,  1,146,279  gallons 152,233 

Natural  gas  (including  Alabama  and  Louisiana) 178,276 


Quicksilver  Furnace  and  Condensers.  Terlingua,  Brewster  County. 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


31 


Petroleum,  12,322,696  barrels 10,410,865 

Quicksilver,  3686  flasks 148,387 

Salt,  356,086  barrels 226,540 

Sand  and  gravel,  283,484  short  tons 142,294 

Silver,  305,300  ounces,  commercial  value 201,500 

Stone  (granite,  limestone  and  sandstone) 497,962 

Zinc,  16  short  tons 1,888 

All  other  products. . . 1,391,854 


Total  $19,806,458 


Texas  Mineral  Products,  1908. 


Asphalt,  17,167  short  tons $ 350,440 

Clay  products  (brick,  tile  and  pottery) 2,066,735 

Coal  and  lignite,  1,895,377  short  tons 3,419,481 

Gold,  24  ounces 500 

Lead,  42  short  tons 3,528 

Lime,  33,725  short  tons 144,118 

Mineral  waters,  1,586,634  gallons 151,032 

Petroleum,  11,206,464  barrels 6,700,708 

Quicksilver,  2384  flasks 122,260 

Salt,  442,571  barrels 255,652 

Sand  and  gravel,  309,250  short  tons 140,067 

Silver,  447,000  ounces,  commercial  value 239,100 

Stone  (granite,  limestone  and  sandstone) 659,57*4 

All  other  products 959,734 


Total  $15,212,929 


Note.- — -The  production  of  iron  ore  in  1908  was  55,966  tons  valued  at 
$30,663. 

THE  MINERALS  OF  TEXAS  BY  COUNTIES. 

The  following  Summary  of  the  Minerals  of  Texas  by  counties  was 
compiled  by  Ur.  Frederick  W.  Simonds,  Professor,  of  Geology  in  the 
University  of  Texas,  and  was  published  as  a part  of  Bulletin  No.  5 of 
the  University  Mineral  Survey,  “The  Minerals  and  Mineral  Localities  of 
Texas,”  December,  1902. 

A few  additions  have  been  made  to  it  since  that  time,  but  they  are 
comparatively  unimportant. 

Following  this  excellent  Summary  there  is  another  list  of  the  materials 
by  counties,  so  that  it  is  easy  to  pass  from  the  one  to  the  other. 

If  it  is  desired  to  know  what  such  and  such  counties  afford  the  Sum- 
mary may  be  consulted.  If  one  wishes  to  know  where  such  and  such 
things  are  to  be  found  the  additional  list  may  be  consulted.  It  is  prac- 
tically impossible  to  enumerate  all  of  the  various  minerals  and  mineral 
substances  to  be  found  in  these  different  counties,  but  the  principal  ones 
have  been  listed  more  with  a view  to  show  what  may  be  obtained  in  com- 
mercial quantities  than  to  make  an  accurate  scientific  list  of  everything 
to  be  found.  This  is  particularly  the  case  in  the  list  of  clays.  Prac- 


32 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


tically  every  county  in  Texas  contains  workable  beds  of  clays,  suita- 
ble for  ordinary  brick  manufacture  if  not  for  the  higher  grades  of 
pottery,  etc.  The  same  is  true  with  respect  to  the  limestones  and  sand- 
stones for  building  purposes.  They  exist  in  a great  many  of  the  coun- 
ties of  Texas  and  in  very  large  quantities. 

A Summary  of  the  Minerals  of  Texas  by  Counties. 

F.  W.  SIMONDS,  PH.  P. 

Anderson  County. — Asphaltum;  Calcite;  Chalcocite;  Lignite;  Limonite; 

Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay;  Pyrite;  Rock  Salt;  Topaz  (transported). 
Angelina  County. — Natural  Gas;  Lignite. 

Archer  County. — Chalcocite;  Malachite. 

Armstrong  County. — Gypsum;  Clays. 

Atascosa  County. — Natural  Gas;  Lignite;  Clays;  Petroleum. 

Austin  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Bastrop  County. — Brick  Clay;  Gypsum;  Lignite;  Melanterite;  Yellow 
Ochre;  Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay;  Pyrite. 

Baylor  County. — Permian  Copper  Ore. 

Bell  County. — Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay. 

Bexo,r  County. — Bat  Guano;  Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Natural  Gas;  Lignite; 

Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay;  Cement  Rock. 

Blanco  County. — Bat  Guano ; Clays ; Building  Stones. 

Bosque  County. — Meteoric  Iron;  Clays. 

Bowie  County. — Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Lignite;  Pearls;  Pottery  Clay. 
Brazoria  County. — Brick  Clay;  Natural  Gas;  Gypsum;  Petroleum;  Pot- 
tery Clay;  Rock  Salt;  Sulphur. 

Brazos  County. — Brick  Clay  or  Earth:  Lignite. 

Brewster  County. — Agate;  Aragonite;  Asphaltum;  Calcite;  Calomel; 
Cerargyrite;  Cinnabar;  Coal;  Fluorite;  Graphite;  Gypsum;  Jasper; 
Mercury;  Meta-Cinnabarite;  Petroleum;  Pyrolusite;  Terlinguaite ; 
Egglestonite ; Montroy dite;  Kleinite,  Granite  and  Limestone  for 
Building  Purposes;  Silver-Bearing  Galena. 

Brown  County. — Coal;  Epsomite;  Natural  Gas;  Petroleum. 

Burleson  County. — Ugnite;  Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay;  Pyrite;  Sulphur. 
Burnet  County. — Actinolite;  Agate;  Albite;  Almandite;  Amethyst; 
Amphibole;  Ankerite;  Apatite;  Asphaltum;  Asurite;  Bat  Guano; 
Beauxite;  Biotite;  Bronzite;  Calcite;  Cassiterite;  Celestite;  Chalco- 
pyrite;  Chert;  Cuprite;  Enstatite;  Epidote;  Fassaite;  Ferrocalcite ; 
Fibrolite;  Galena;  Grossularite ; Hematite;  Hypersthene;  Kaolite; 
Labradorite;  Limonite;  Lithomarge;  Magnetite;  Malachite;  Mo- 
lybdenite; Oligoclase;  Orthoclase;  Pyrite;  Pyrolusite;  Pyroxene; 
Quartz;  Tourmaline;  Travertine;  Vesuvianite. 

Caldwell  County. — Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Petroleum. 
Cameron  County. — Pottery  Clay;  Salt. 

Camp  County. — Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Cass  County. — Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay;  Natural  Gas. 

Cherohee  County. — Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Red  Ochre. 
Clay  County. — Petroleum;  Clays. 

Coleman  County. — Coal;  Natural  Gas;  Petroleum;  Glass  Sand. 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


33 


Collin  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Colorado  County. — Natural  Gas;  Pottery  Clay. 

Comal  County. — Bat  Guano;  Limestone  for  Building  Purposes. 
Comanche  County. — ’Flint;  Coal;  Clays. 

Cooke  County. — Asphaltum;  Natural  Gas;  Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay. 
Coryell  County. — Melanterite;  Petroleum. 

Crane  County. — Salt. 

Dallas  County. — Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Pottery  Clay;  Cement  Rock. 

Delta  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Denton  County. — Meteoric  Iron ; Petroleum  reported ; Pottery  Clay. 

De  Witt  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Dimmit  County. — Lignite;  Clays. 

Duval  County. — Natural  Gas;  Petroleum. 

Eastland  County. — Coal;  Clays. 

Edwards  County. — Bat  Guano;  Kaolin;  Petroleum;  Sulphur. 

Ellis  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

El  Paso  County. — Amethyst ; Antimony ; Aragonite ; Argentite ; Aventu- 
rine;  Azurite;  Bornite;  Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Carnelian;  Cassiterite; 
Chalcocite;  Chalcopyrite ; Christophite ; Chrysocolla;  Coal:  Copper; 
Native;  Crednerite;  Cuprite;  Dihydrite;  Ehlite;  Galena;  Gold;  Gros- 
sularite;  Gypsum;  Hematite;  Hornblende;  Lampadite;  Limonite; 
Magnetite;  Malachite;  Melaconite;  Nickel;  Nitre;  Opal;  Petro- 
leum; Platinum  (traces);  Pitchblende  (Uranpecherz)  ; Pottery 
Clay;  Pseudomalachite;  Psilomelane;  Pyrolusite;  Quartz;  Salt; 
Serpentine;  Silver  (Native);  Siderite;  Sphalerite;  Stromeyerite ; 
Sulphur;  Tetrahedrite;  Titaniferous  Iron  Ores;  Torbernite;  Tur- 
quoise; Uranochre;  Wad;  Wolframite;  Wulfenite;  Cement  Rock. 
Erath  County. — Coal;  Natural  Gas;  Pottery  Clay;  Paving  Brick  Clays. 
Falls  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Fannin  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Fayette  County. — Clay;  Natural  Gas;  Grahamite;  Gypsum;  Lignite; 

Meteoric  Iron;  Sulphur;  Phosphate  Rock. 

Fort  Bend  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Freestone  County. — Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Frio  County. — Lignite. 

Gillespie  County. — Aragonite ; Asbestus ; Bat  Guano ; Beryl ; Calcite 
Chert;  Chlorite;  Fluorite;  Galena;  Gold;  Hematite;  Hyalite;  Li- 
monite ; Magnetite ; Margarodite ; Pvrite ; Quartz ; Serpentine ; 
Talc;  Thetis  Ilairstone;  Wollastonite. 

Gonzales  County. — Clay;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Petroleum. 

Grayson  County. — Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay;  Pyrite;  Selenite. 
Gregg  County. — Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Grimes  County. — Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Natural  Gas;  Lignite;  Petro- 
leum; Pottery  Clay. 

Guadalupe  County. — - Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Hale  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Hamilton  County. — Meteoric  Iron. 

Hardeman  County. — Gypsum;  Malachite. 

Hardin  County. — Asphaltum;  Natural  Gas;  Petroleum. 

Harris  County. — Natural  Gas;  Pottery  Clay;  Petroleum. 


34 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


Harrison  County. — Fire  Clay;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Haskell  County. — Permian  Copper  Ore. 

Hays  County. — Bat  Guano;  Cement  Rock. 

Henderson  County. — Fire  Clay;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay. 
Hidalgo  County. — Pottery  Clay  ; Salt. 

Hopkins  County. — Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Houston  County. — Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery 
Clay;  Sulphur. 

Hunt  County. — Asplialtum  reported;  Pottery  Clay. 

Jack  County. — Asplialtum  reported;  Coal;  Petroleum;  Fine  Limestone 
for  Building  Purposes. 

Jackson  County. — Natural  Gas;  Pottery  Clay. 

Jasper  County. — Asplialtum;  Lignite;  Petroleum. 

Jeff  Davis  County. — Jasper;  Quartz. 

Jefferson  County. — Natural  Gas;  Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay;  Sulphur. 
Jones  County.— Fine  Limestone  for  Building  Purposes. 

Karnes  County. — Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Kaufman  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Kent  County. — Gypsum. 

Kimble  County. — Chert. 

King  County. — Gypsum. 

Knox  County. — Permian  Copper  Ore. 

Lamar  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Lampasas  County. — Bat  Guano;  Celestite;  Stfontianite ; Sandstone  for 
Building  Purposes. 

Lavaca  County.— Natural  Gas;  Pottery  Clay. 

Lee  County. — Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Leon  County. — Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

IAberty  County. — Natural  Gas;  Rock  Salt;  Petroleum. 

Limestone  County. — Fire  Clay;  Natural  Gas;  Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 
Live  Oak  County. — Natural  Gas;  Petroleum. 

Llano  County. — Actinolite;  Adularia;  Albite;  Allanite;  Almandite;  Am- 
ethyst; Amphibole;  Andradite;  Ankerite;  Apatite;  Aragonite; 
Asbestus;  Azurite;  Barite;  Bat  Guano;  Beauxite;  Beryl:  Biotite; 
Bornite  ; Braunite;  Bronzite;  Calcite  ; Carnelian;  Cassiterite;  Chal- 
cocite;  Chalcopvrite ; Chert;  Chlorite;  Chloropal ; Columbite ? ; Cy- 
pritne;  Cyrtoolite;  Dolomite;  Enstatite;  Epidote;  Fergusonite;  Fer- 
rocalcite;  Fibrolite;  Fluorite;  Gadolinite;  Galena;  Goethite;  Gold; 
Graphite;  Gummite;  Hematite;  Hyalite;  Hypersthene Tlmenite; 
Jasper;  Jefferisite;  Kaolinite;  Kerolite;  Limnite;  Limonite;  Mack- 
intoshite;  Magnetite;  Malachite;  Margarite;  Margarodite;  Martite; 
Melanite;  Metagadolinite ; Microcline;  Molybdenite;  Molybdite; 
Muscovite;  Nivenite;  Opal;  Oligoclase;  Orthoclase;  Pearls;  Pen- 
ninite ; Phlogopite  ? ; Pottery  Clay ; Pyrite ; Pyroxene ; Quartz ; Row- 
landite;  Samarskite?;  Serpentine;  Sphalerite;  Spessartite;  Talc; 
Tengerite;  Tetrahedrite ; Thorogummite ; Titaniferous  Iron  Ores; 
Titanite:  Tourmaline;  Travertine;  Tremolite;  Turgite;  Turquoise; 
IJralite?;  ITralorthite ; Vermiculite;  Yesuvianite;  Yiogtite?;  Wad; 
Wocheinite;  Yttrialite;  Zoisite. 

Marion  County. — Clay  Iron  Stone;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay. 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


35 


Martin  County. — Asphaltic  Sands  reported. 

Mason  County. — Adularia;  Andradite;  Aragonite;  Beauxite;  Biotite; 
Calcite;  Cassiterite;  Chert;  Epidote;  Fibrolite;  Fluorite;  Galena?: 
Graphite;  Grossularite ; Hematite;  Ilmenite;  Keilhauite;  Limonite; 
Magnetite;  Malachite;  Margarite;  Microcline;  Muscovite;  Ortho- 
clase;  Pottery  Clay;  Psilomelane;  Pvrite;  Pyroaurite;  Pvrolusite; 
Pyroxene;  Quartz:  Talc;  Tephroite;  Titaniferous  Iron  Ores;  Tour- 
maline; Turgite;  Wad. 

Matagorda  Co unty.-*- Natural  Gas;  Petroleum. 

Maverick  County. — Coal. 

McCulloch  County. — Agate;  Beauxite;  Biotite;  Chert;  Coal:  Natural 
Gas;  Hematite;  Limonite;  Petroleum;  Pvroaurite;  Travertine: 
Turgite. 

McLennan  County. — Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Meteoric  Iron;  Petroleum; 
Pottery  Clay. 

McMullen  County. — Natural  Gas;  Lignite;  Petroleum;  Clays. 

Medina  County. — Lignite;  Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay. 

Milam  County. — Lignite;  Limonite;  Red  Ochre. 

Mitchell  County. — Rock  Salt. 

Montague  County. — Asphaltum;  Coal;  Galena;  Malachite;  Meteoric 
Iron;  Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay. 

Morris  County. — Lignite;  Limonite. 

Nacogdoches  County. — Asphaltum  reported;  Natural  Gas;  Limonite; 
Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay. 

Navarro  County. — Natural  Gas;  Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay. 

Newton  County. — Lignite. 

Nolan  County. — Gypsum. 

Nueces  County. — Natural  Gas ; Petroleum. 

Palo  Pinto  County. — Brick  Clay;  Coal;  Natural  Gas;  Petroleum. 
Panola  County. — Asphaltum;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Magnetite  Sands;  Red 
Ochre;  Yellow  Ochre. 

Parker  County. — Coal;  Pottery  Clay. 

Pecos  County. — Agate;  Asphaltum;  Natural  Gas;  Petroleum;  Sulphur. 
Presidio  County. — Agate;  Alum;  Chalcedony;  Coal;  Galena;  Hematite; 
Magnetite;  Malachite;  Onyx;  Quartz;  Sphalerite;  Nitrate  of  Soda; 
Native  Silver;  Argentite;  Zinc  Ores;  Lithographic  Stone. 

Rains  County. — Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Red  River  County. — Natural  Gas;  Petroleum. 

Reeves  County. — Petroleum;  Sulphur. 

Robertson  County. — Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery 
Clay;  Pvrite. 

Runnels  County. — Gypsum;  Quartz. 

Rusk  County. — Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Sabine  County. — -Lignite;  Limonite. 

San  Augustine  County. — Asphaltum  reported;  Lignite;  Limonite:  Pe- 
troleum. 

San  Patricio  County. — Moss  Agate. 

San.  Saba  County. — Agate  (Banded  Chert)  ; Aragonite;  Calcite;  Chal- 
cedony; Chert;  Gibbsite;  Limonite;  Nitre;  Pyrite;  Travertine; 
Turgite;  Onyx;  Marble. 


36 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


Shackelford  County . — Clays;  Coal. 

Shelby  County. — Bat  Guano;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Petroleum;  Pottery 
Clay;  Wad. 

Smith  County. — Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay;  Salt. 

Starr  County. — Pottery  Clay;  Sulphur;  Petroleum. 

Stephens  County. — Asphaltic  Sandstone;  Coal. 

Stonewall  County. — Chalcocite;  Gypsum;  Malachite;  Alabaster. 

Tarrant  County. — Petroleum;  Pottery  Clay. 

Taylor  County. — Malachite ; Pottery  Clay. 

Terrell  County. — Limestone  for  building  purposes. 

Titus  County. — Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Tom  Green  County. — Natural  Gas;  Meteoric  Iron;  Sulphur. 

Travis  County. — Asphaltum;  Bat  Guano;  Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Calcite; 
Celestite;  Chalcedony;  Flint;  Gypsum  (Selenite)  ; Petroleum;  Pot- 
tery Clay;  Pyrite;  Strontianite ; Cement  Rock;  Marble;  Limestone 
for  building. 

Trinity  County. — Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Tyler  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Upshur  County. — Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Uvalde  County. — Asphaltum;  Bat  Guano;  Natural  Gas;  Gold;  Jasper; 

Kaolinite;  Lignite;  Melanterite;  Coal. 

Van  Zandt  County . — Gypsum;  Lignite;  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay;  Rock 
Salt. 

Victoria  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Walker  County. — Lignite. 

Ward  County. — Fine  Red  Sandstone  for  Building. 

Washington  County — Natural  Gas;  Wood  Opal;  Pottery  Clay;  Pyrite. 
Webb  County. — Grahamite;  Gypsum;  .Lignite:  Pottery  Clav;  Pvrite; 
Sulphur;  Coal. 

Wharton  County. — Pottery  Clay. 

Wichita  County. — Meteoric  Iron;  Permian  Copper  Ore;  Pottery  Clay. 
Wilbarger  County. — Permian  Copper  Ore. 

Williamson  Comity. — Aragonite;  Bat  Guano ; Gold;  Pottery  Clay;  Lime- 
stone for  Building,  Etc. 

Wilson  County. — Lignite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Wise  County. — Coal. 

Wood  County. — Lignite:  Limonite;  Pottery  Clay. 

Young  County. — Coal;  Clays. 

Zavala  County. — Coal;  Lignite. 

Trans-Pecos  Region — West  Texas. — Agate,  Banded;  Agate,  Cloudy; 
Agate,  Moss;  Alabaster;  Alum;  Amethyst;  Antimony;  Aragonite; 
Argentite;  Asphaltum;  Atacamite;  Aventurine;  Azurite;  Bornite; 
Brick  Clay  or  Earth;  Bromyrite;  Calamine;  Calcite;  Calomel;  Cas- 
siterite;  Cerargyrite;  Cerussite;  Chalcedony;  Chalcocite;  Chalco- 
pyrite;  Christophvte ; Chrysocolla;  Cinnabar;  Copper,  Native; 
Crednerite;  Cuprite;  Cupro-Descloisite ; Cyanotrichite ; Dihydrite ; 
Dolomite;  Ehlite;  Epidote;  Flint;  Fluorite;  Franklinite;  Galena; 
Gas,  Natural;  Glauconite;  Goethite;  Gold;  Graphite;  Grossularite ; 
Gypsum;  Hematite;  Jasper;  Lampadite;  Limonite;  Magnetite; 
Malachite ; Massicot ; Melaconite ; Mercury ; Metacinnabarite ; Mi- 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


37 


crocline;  Nickel;  Nitre;  Nitrate  of  Soda;  Onyx;  Opal;  Petroleum; 
Platinum,  traces;  Pitchblende  (Uranpecherz)  ; Pribramite;  Pseu- 
domalachite; Psilomelane;  Pyrite;  Pyrolusite;  Quartz  (Agate,  Ame- 
thyst, Flinty,  Granular,  Milky,  Smoky)  ; Salt;  Sagenitic  Quartz; 
Sardonyx:  Serpentine:  Siderite;  Silver,  Native;  Sphalerite;  Stro- 
meyerite:  Sulphur;  Talc;  Terlinguaite ; Tctrahedrite ; Titaniferous 
Ores;  Torbernite;  rl'ourma!ine ; Turquoise;  Uranium;  Uranochre; 
Wad;  Wolframite;  Wulfenite;  rare  quicksilver  minerals,  such  as 
Eglestonite,  Montroydite,  Terlinguaite  and  Kleinite. 

MATERIALS  FOUND  IN  TEXAS,  BY  COUNTIES. 

Agate. — (See  Quartz.) 

A methyst. — ( See  Quartz. ) 

Asphalt'um. — Anderson;  Brewster;  Burnet;  Clay;  Cooke;  Hardin; 
Hunt;  Jack;  Jasper;  Martin;  Montague;  Nacogdoches;  Panola; 
Pecos;  San  Augustine;  Stephens;  Travis;  Uvalde. 

Bat  Guano. — Bexar;  Blanco;  Burnet;  Comal;  Edwards;  Gillespie; 

Ha}rs;  Lampasas;  Llano;  Shelby;  Travis;  Uvalde;  Williamson. 
Building  Stones. — 

Granite;  Dolomite;  Limestone;  Marble;  Onyx;  Sandstone;  Ser- 
pentine. 

Granite. — Brewster ; Burnet ; El  Paso ; Gillespie ; Llano  ; Mason ; Pre- 
sidio. 

Dolomite. — Burnet;  Llano;  Mason;  Pecos. 

Limestone. — Anderson;  Bandera;  Bell;  Bexar;  Blanco;  Bosque; 
Brewster;  Brown:  Burnet;  Callahan;  Coleman;  Collin:  Comal; 
Comanche;  Cooke;  Coryell;  Dallas;  Duval;  Edwards;  Ellis;  El 
Paso;  Erath;  Fannin;  Fayette;  Freestone;  Gillespie:  Goliad; 
Grayson;  Hamilton;  Hays;  Hill;  Hood;  Jack;  Jones;  Kerr;  La- 
mar ; Lampasas ; Llano  ; McCulloch ; McLennan ; Marion ; Mason ; 
Mills;  Palo  Pinto;  Panola;  Parker;  Pecos;  Presidio;  Red  River; 
Runnels;  San  Saba;  Shackelford;  Shelby;  Smith;  Somervell; 
Starr;  Stephens;  Tarrant;  Terrell;  Tom  Green;  Travis;  Uvalde; 
Val  Yerde;  Williamson;  Wise;  Young. 

Marble. — Brewster;  Burnet;  El  Paso;  Llano;  Mason;  Presidio;  San 
Saba. 

Onyx. — Presidio;  San  Saba. 

Sandstone. — Archer;  Atascosa;  Blanco;  Brazos;  Brown;  Burnet; 
Cass;  Cherokee;  Clay;  Coleman;  Eastland;  El  Paso;  Fayette; 
Gillespie;  Gregg;  Grimes;  Harrison;  Henderson;  Houston; 
Knox;  Lampasas;  Lavaca;  Llano;  McCulloch;  Marion;  Mason; 
Mills;  Montague;  Palo  Pinto;  Panola;  Pecos;  Robertson;  Sa- 
bine; San  Saba;  Shelby;  Smith;  Taylor:  Tom  Green;  Tyler; 
Ward;  Washington;  Webb;  Wichita;  Wise;  Young. 

Serpentine. — Gillespie;  Llano;  Mason. 

Clays  (Brick  and  Pottery). — Anderson;  Atascosa;  Austin;  Bastrop; 
Bell;  Bexar;  Blanco;  Bosque;  Bowie;  Brazoria;  Brazos;  Brewster; 
Brown;  Burleson;  Caldwell;  Cameron;  Camp;  Cass;  Cherokee; 
Clay ; Coleman ; Collin ; Colorado ; Comanche ; Cooke ; Dallas ; 
Delta;  Denton;  DeWitt;  Dimmit;  Eastland;  Edwards;  Ellis;  El 


38 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


Paso;  Erath;  Falls;  Fannin;  Fayette;  Fort  Bend;  Freestone;  Gon- 
zales; Grayson;  Gregg;  Grimes;  Guadalupe;  Hale;  Harris;  Har- 
rison; Henderson;  Hidalgo;  Hopkins;  Houston;  Hunt;  Jackson; 
Jefferson;  Karnes;  Kaufman;  Lamar;  Lavaca;  Lee;  Leon;  Lime- 
stone; Marion;  McLennan;  Maverick;  Medina;  Montague;  Nacog- 
doches;  Navarro;  Palo  Pinto;  Parker;  Rains;  Robertson;  Rusk; 
San  Saba;  Shelby;  Smith;  Starr;  Tarrant;  Taylor;  Titus;  Travis; 
Trinity;  Tyler;  Upshur;  Van  Zandt;  Victoria;  Washington ; Webb; 
Wharton;  Wichita;  Williamson;  Wilson;  Wood;  Young. 

Coal. — Archer:  Brewster;  Brown;  Coleman;  Comanche;  Eastland;  El 
Paso ; Erath  : Jack ; Maverick ; McCulloch ; Montague ; Palo  Pinto ; 
Parker;  Presidio;  San  Saba;  Stephens;  Uvalde;  Webb;  Wise; 
Young;  Zavala. 

Copper  Ores. — Archer;  Baylor;  Brewster;  Burnet;  El  Paso;  Hardeman; 
Haskell;  Jeff  Davis;  Knox;  Llano;  Mason;  Montague;  Presidio; 
Stonewall:  Taylor;  Wichita;  Wilbarger. 

Gadolinite. — Llano. 

Glass  Sands. — A notable  deposit  at  Santa  Anna,  Coleman  county. 

Gold. — Brewster;  Burnet;  El  Paso;  Gillespie;  Llano;  Mason;  Presidio; 

Travis;  Uvalde;  Williamson. 

Granite. — (See  Building  Stones.) 

Graphite. — Brewster;  Burnet;  El  Paso;  Gillespie:  Llano;  Mason. 
Gypsum. — Bastrop:  Brazoria;  Brewster;  El  Paso;  Fayette;  Hardeman; 
Kent;  King;  Nolan;  Runnels:  Stonewall:  Travis;  Van  Zandt; 
Webb. 

Iron  Ores. — Anderson;  Brewster;  Burnet;  Caldwell;  Camp;  Cass; 
Cherokee;  El  Paso;  Gillespie;  Gonzales;  Grayson;  Gregg;  Har- 
rison; Henderson;  Houston;  Llano;  Marion;  Mason;  McCulloch; 
Milam;  Morris;  Nacogdoches;  Panola;  Presidio;  Robertson;  Rusk; 
Sabine;  San  Augustine;  San  Saba;  Shelby;  Smith;  Upshur;  Van 
Zandt;  Wood. 

Lead  Ores. — Brewster ; Burnet : El  Paso  ; Gillespie ; Llano : Mason ; 
Montague;  Presidio. 

Lignite. — Anderson;  Angelina;  Atascosa;  Bastrop;  Bexar;  Bowie;  Bra- 
zos; Brown;  Burleson;  Caldwell;  Camp;  Cass;  Cherokee;  Dimmit; 
Payette;  Freestone;  Frio;  Gonzales;  Grayson;  Gregg;  Grimes; 
Guadalupe;  Harrison;  Henderson;  Hopkins;  Houston;  Jasper; 
Karnes;  Lee:  Leon;  Limestone;  Marion;  McMullen;  Medina;  Mi- 
lam; Morris;  Newton;  Panola;  Rains;  Robertson;  Rusk;  Sabine; 
Shelby;  Smith;  Titus;  Trinity;  Upshur;  Uvalde;  Van  Zandt; 
Walker:  Webb;  Wood;  Zavala. 

Limestone. — (See  Building  Stones.) 

Manganese  Ores. — Brewster;  Burnet;  El  Paso;  Llano;  Mason. 

Marble. — (See  Building  Stones.) 

Mica. — El  Paso;  Llano;  Mason. 

Natural  Gas. — (See  Petroleum.) 

Onyx. — (See  Building  Stones.  ) 

Petroleum  and  Natural  Gas. — Angelina;  Atascosa;  Bexar:  Brazoria; 
Brown:  Burleson;  Caldwell;  Cass;  Clay  ; Coleman;  Colorado;  Cooke; 
Coryell;  Denton;  Duval;  Edwards • Erath;  Fayette;  Gonzales; 
Grimes;  Hardin;  Harris;  Jack;  Jackson;  Jasper;  Jefferson:  La- 


The  Mineral  Resources  op  Texas. 


39 


vaca;  Liberty;  Limestone;  Live  Oak;  Matagorda;  McCulloch;  Mc- 
Lennan; McMullen;  Medina;  Montague;  Nacogdoches;  Navarro; 
Nueces;  Palo  Pinto;  Pecos;  Red  River;  Reeves;  San  Augustine; 
Shelby;  Starr:  Tarrant;  Tom  Green;  Travis;  Uvalde;  Washington. 
Quartz  (Agate,  Amethyst,  Chalcedony,  Flint,  Jasper,  Etc.) — Brewster; 
Burnet;  El  Paso;  Jeff  Davis;  Kerr;  Kinney;  Llano;  Mason;  Mc- 
Culloch; Navarro;  Pecos;  Presidio;  San  Patricio;  San  Saba; 
Travis. 

Quid'  silver  Ores. — Brewster. 

Salt. — Anderson;  Brazoria;  Cameron;  Crane;  El  Paso;  Hidalgo;  Lib- 
erty; Mitchell;  Smith;  Van  Zandt. 

Sandstone. — (See  Building  Stones.) 

Serpentine. — (See  Building  Stones.) 

Silver  Ores. — Brewster;  Burnet;  El  Paso;  Llano;  Mason;  Presidio. 
Soapstone. — Gillespie;  Llano;  Mason. 

Sulphur. — Brazoria;  Burleson;  El  Paso;  Fayette;  Houston;  Jefferson; 

Pecos;  Reeves;  Starr;  Tom  Green;  Webb. 

Talc. — ( See  Soapstone. ) 

Tin  Ores. — Burnet;  El  Paso;  Mason. 

Uranium  Ores. — El  Paso ; Llano. 

Zinc  Ores. — El  Paso;  Llano;  Montague;  Presidio. 

MINING  LAWS  OF  TEXAS,  1907. 

Art.  3498a.  All  public  school,  university,  asylum  and  public  lands 
specially  included  under  the  operation  of  this  title,  all  the  lands  now 
owned  bv  the  State  situated  within  the  reservation  known  as  the  “Pacific 
Reservation,”  which  were  taken  off  the  market  and  reserved  from  sale 
by  an  act  approved  January  22,  1883,  containing  valuable  mineral  de- 
posits, are  hereby  reserved  from  sale  or  other  disposition,  except  as  herein 
provided,  and  are  declared  free  and  open  to  exploration  and  purchase 
under  regulations  prescribed  by  law,  by  citizens  of  the  United  States 
and  those  who  have  declared  their  intention  of  becoming  such ; provided, 
that  all  who  have  located  and  recorded  valid  claims  under  previous  valid 
laws  and  have  not  abandoned  same,  but  are  engaged  in  developing  same, 
shall  have  a prior  preference  right  for  ninety  days  after  the  passage  of 
this  title  in  which  to  relocate  same  under  this  title. 

Art.  3498b.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  immediately  upon  the  passage  of  this  title  to  have  a map 
made  showing  the  location  of  all  public  school,  university,  asylum  and 
public  lands  which  are  unsold  at  that  date,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  geological  and  mineralogical  survey  to  examine  all  such  lands  as 
soon  as  practicable  thereafter,  and  to  designate  such  tracts  as  are  ap- 
parently mineral  bearing  as  mineral  lands  for  the  purpose  of  this  title. 
If  mineral  lands  are  afterwards  claimed  to  exist  at  other  locations  than 
are  so  designated  they  shall  also  be  examined  and  classified  accordingly. 

Art.  3498c.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  to  unite  a suitable  number  of  these  mineral  locations  into 
mining  districts,  in  each  of  which  shall  be  a surveyor,  who  must  either 
be  the  surveyor  of  the  district  or  county  or  a regular  appointed  deputy 
and  an  officer  qualified  to  administer  oaths. 


40 


The  MrNERAi,  Resources  of  Texas. 


Art.  3498d.  A mining  claim  upon  veins  or  lodes  of  quartz  or  other 
rocks  in  place  bearing  silver,  gold,  cinnabar,  lead,  tin,  copper  and  other 
valuable  metals,  excluding  deposits  of  kaolin,  baryta,  salt,  marble,  fire 
clay,  iron  ore,  coal,  oil,  natural  gas,  gypsum,  nitrates,  mineral  paints, 
asbestos,  marls,  natural  cement,  clay,  onyx,- mica,  precious  stones  or  any 
other,  non-metallic  mineral  and  stone  valuable  for  ornamental  or  build- 
ing purposes  or  other  valuable  building  material  may  equal  but  shall  not 
exceed  one  thousand  five  hundred  feet  along  the  mine  or  vein  or  lode. 
No  such  claim  shall  exceed  twenty-one  acres  in  total  area.  The  end 
lines  of  each  claim  shall  be  parallel  to  each  other,  and  all  claims  shall  be 
in  the  form  of  a parallelogram  or  square,  unless  such  form  is  prevented 
by  adjoining  rights  or  boundaries  of  the  section  in  which  the  claim  lies. 
The  locator  under  this  title  shall  be  entitled  to  the  use  of  all  the  super- 
ficial area  between  the  enclosing  lines  of  the  claim,  and  to  all  minerals 
thereon,  and  between  the  side  and  end  lines,  extending  downwards  ver- 
tically, until  the  rights  secured  by  posting  are  forfeited  as  provided; 
and  in  all  conflicts  priority  of  location  shall  decide. 

Art.  349 8e.  The  locators  of  any  mining  claim  shall  post  up  at  the 
center  of  one  of  the  end  lines  of  the  same  a written  notice,  stating  the 
name  of  the  location  and  of  the  claim  and  date  of  posting,  and  describe 
the  claim  by  giving  the  number  of  feet  in  length  and  width  and  the  di- 
rection the  claim  lies  in  length  from  the  notice,  together  with  the  sec- 
tion, if  known,  and  the  county,  and  shall  place  stone  monuments  at  the 
four  corners  and  otherwise  describe  the  corners  so  that  they  can  be  read- 
ily found.  The  notice  shall  be  placed  in  a conspicuous  place  so  it  can  be 
readily  seen. 

Art.  3498f.  The  locator  shall,  within  three  months  after  the  date  of 
posting  the  required  notice,  file  with  the  county  surveyor  of  the  county 
in  which  the  land  or  a part  thereof  is  situated  an  application  in  writing 
for  the  survey  of  the  claim,  giving  the  name  of  the  claim  and  such  desig- 
nation of  its  boundaries  and  location  as  to  enable  the  surveyor  to  identify 
the  land.  The  application  shall  be  accompanied  by  a fee  of  twenty  dol- 
lars, unless  its  tender  is  waived,  and  also  with  an  affidavit  attached 
thereto  that  the  applicant  has  found  valuable  minerals,  stating  the  kind, 
on  the  claim,  also  the  date  of  the  first  posting  of  the  notice  on  the  claim 
by  the  applicant  and  that  the  notice  has  not  been  post  dated  nor  changed 
in  its  date.  Upon  receiving  the  application  and  affidavit  and  fee  the  sur- 
veyor shall  record  the  application  and  affidavit  and  shall  forthwith  pro- 
ceed to  survey  the  claim.  After  the  field  notes  are  recorded  and  a plat 
of  the  survey  is  made  by  the  surveyor  he  shall  deliver  the  application  and 
affidavit  together  with  the  field  notes  and  plat  to  the  applicant  or  his 
agent,  who  shall  forward  same  to  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office  with  one  dollar  as  a filing  fee.  When  the  applicant  forwards  the 
papers  aforesaid  to  the  Commissioner  he  shall  at  the  same  time  forward 
to  the  State  Treasurer  one-fifth  of  the  aggregate  price  of  the  land  as  the 
first  payment  thereon.  The  applicant  shall  also  file  in  the  Land  Office 
with  his  other  papers  his  obligation  to  the  State  for  the  remaining  un- 
paid purchase  money,  binding  himself  to  pay  to  the  State  of  Texas  at 
the  State  treasury  in  Austin,  Texas,  one-fifth  of  the  unpaid  purchase 
price,  together  with  four  per  cent  interest  annually  after  the  date  of 


The  Mineral  Kesouroes  of  Texas. 


41 


the  filing  of  said  papers  in  the  Land  Office,  and  until  the  entire  pur- 
chase price  and  interest  are  fully  paid.  The  papers  aforesaid  shall  be 
filed  in  the  Land  Office  within  sixty  days  from  the  date  the  application 
was  filed  with  the  county  surveyor,  and  not  thereafter.  The  fee  of 
twenty  dollars  shall  cover  all  charges  by  the  surveyor  in  connection 
with  any  one  claim.  A claim  filed  on  under  this  title  for  gold,  silver, 
cinnabar,  lead,  tin  or  copper,  zinc,  tungsten,  molybdenum  and  uranium 
may  be  paid  out  in  full  at  any  time  within  five  years  from  the  date 
the  papers  were  filed  in  the  Land  Office.  All  mineral  lands  shall  be 
sold  at  such  price  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Land  Commissioner,  but  in  no 
event  shall  the  same  be  sold  at  a price  less  than  twenty- five  dollars  per 
acre,  nor  until  he  has  ascertained  approximately  their  value;  provided, 
that  no  person,  firm  or  corporation  or  association  of  persons  shall  be 
permitted  to  locate  or  file  on  more  than  five  claims  of  twenty-one  acres 
within  a radius  of  five  miles.  This  article  shall  apply  only  to  the  claims 
filed  on  land  containing  the  minerals  herein  named. 

Art.  3498g.  TJpon  the  failure  of  any  one  of  the  several  owners  to 
contribute  his  proportion  of  the  expenditure  required  in  this  title  within 
the  necessary  time,  the  co-owner  or  co-owners  who  have  paid  the  fees, 
or  interest  or  principal,  may  at  the  expiration  of  the  time  in  which  the 
payment  was  to  be  made  and  was  so  made  by  him,  give  notice  in  writing 
to  such  defaulting  co-owner,  or  give  such  notice  by  publication  in  a 
newspaper  published  in  the  county  where  the  claim  is,  if  any  ; if  none 
in  such  county,  then  in  the  newspaper  published  nearest  the  mining 
claim,  for  at  least  once  a week  for  ninety  days.  If  after  such  personal 
notice  in  writing  or  by  publication  such  delinquent  shall  fail  or  refuse 
■to  contribute  his  proportion  of  the  expenditure  required,  his  interest  in 
the  claim  shall  cease  beyond  the  amount  which  he  may  have  previously 
expended  thereon  and  become  the  property  of  his  co-owners,  who  may 
have  made  the  required  expenditures.  An  affidavit  by  the  co-owncrs  of 
the  facts  accompanied  with  the  notice  given  shall,  when  recorded  in  the 
proper  county  surveyor’s  office,  be  sufficient  evidence  of  such  delinquency 
and  forfeiture  in  all  interest  in  such  claim.  If  patent  shall  be  applied 
for  on  such  claim  it  shall  be  issued  to  the  owners  if  the  proper  evidence 
of  forfeiture  of  such  interest  be  filed  in  the  Land  Office.  This  article 
shall  apply  only  to  the  claims  filed  on  land  containing  the  minerals 
named  in  the  preceding  article. 

Art.  3498h.  When  a tunnel  is  run  for  the  development  of  a vein  or 
lode  or  for  the  discovery  of  mines,  the  owner  of  such  tunnel  shall  have 
the  right  of  possession  of  all  veins  or  lodes  within  two  thousand  feet  of 
the  face  of  such  claim  on  the  line  thereof,  not  previously  known  to  ex- 
ist, discovered  in  such  tunnel  to  the  same  extent  as  if  discovered  from 
the  surface ; and  locations  on  the  line  of  such  tunnel  or  veins  or  lodes  not 
appearing  on  the  surface  made  by  other  parties  after  the  commence- 
ment of  the  tunnel  and  while  the  same  is  being  prosecuted  with  rea- 
sonable diligence  shall  be  invalid;  but  failure  to  prosecute  the  work  in 
the  tunnel  for  six  months  shall  be  considered  as  an  abandonment  of  the 
right  of  all  undiscovered  veins  on  the  line  of  said  tunnel. 

Art.  3498i.  Whenever  the  owners  of  any  mining  claim  shall  desire 
a patent,  they  shall,  within  five  years  after  filing  of  the  application  for 


42 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


survey,  file  their  application  for  a patent  upon  their  claim  with  the 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  accompanied  by  the  receipt 
of  the  State  Treasurer,  showing  that  twenty-five  dollars  per  acre  has 
been  paid  by  the  applicant  for  patent  to  the  State  Treasurer.  Where- 
upon such  patent  shall  issue  unless  protest  is  filed  as  hereinafter  pro- 
vided for  in  Article  3498k. 

Art.  3498j.  Within  twelve  months  after  the  filing  of  the  affidavit 
hereinafter  provided  for,  any  person  or  association  of  persons  qualified 
as  required  by  Article  3498a  shall  have  the  right  to  purchase  and  obtain 
patent  by  compliance  with  this  title,  or  any  of  the  lands  of  the  State 
which  are  specified  or  included  in  Article  3498a,  containing  valuable 
deposits  of  kaolin,  baryta,  salt,  marble,  fire  clay,  iron  ore,  coal,  oil, 
natural  gas,  gypsum,  nitrates,  mineral  paints,  asbestos,  marl,  natural 
cement,  clav,  onyx,  mica,  precious  stones  or  any  other  non-metallic 
mineral  and  stones  valuable  for  ornamental  or  building  purposes  or 
other  valuable  building  material,  in  legal  subdivisions,  in  quantity  not 
exceeding  one  section;  provided,  that  where  any  such  parties  shall  have 
heretofore  expended,  or  shall  hereafter  expend,  five  thousand  dollars  in 
developing  the  aforesaid  mineral  resources  of  any  of  said  lands,  such 
party  shall  have  the  right  to  buy  one  additional  section  and  no  more, 
and  to  include  in  the  purchase  any  section  or  part  thereof  on  which  the 
work  may  have  been  done.  The  land  so  purchased  may  be  in  different 
sections,  and  all  embraced  in  one  or  more  obligations,  not  to  exceed  the 
quantity  stated.  The  purchaser  shall  pay  not  less  than  fifteen  dollars 
per  acre  where  the  land  shall  be  situated  ten  miles  or  less  of  any  railroad 
in  operation,  and  not  less  than  ten  dollars  per  acre  where  the  land  is 
over  ten  miles  from  such  railroad,  one-tenth  of  the  purchase  money  to* 
be  paid  in  cash  to  the  State  Treasurer  on  or  before  the  expiration  of  the 
twelve  months  aforesaid;  and  the  purchasers  shall  file  the  Treasurer’s 
receipt  with  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  together  with 
an  obligation  to  pay  the  State  of  Texas  the  remainder  in  nine  equal 
annual  installments,  with  interest  at  four  per  cent  per  annum  from  date, 
subject  to  forfeiture  as  in  other  cases;  and  all  said  lands  are  reserved 
from  sale  or  other  disposition  than  under  this  title;  and  where  applica- 
tion is  made  to  buy  any  of  the  lands  herein  named  except  under  this 
title,  the  purchaser  shall  swear  that  there  are  none  of  the  minerals 
named  in  this  title  on  said  lands,  so  far  as  he  knows  or  has  reason  to 
believe  or  does  believe;  provided  further,  that  any  party  hereinbefore 
named,  who  shall  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  .title  have  been  the  first  to 
work  on  said  lands  for  the  development  of  said  mineral  resources  and 
who  has  not  abandoned  said  work,  and  is  qualified  at  passage  of  this 
title  to  buy,  shall  have  a prior  preference  right  of  doing  so  for  thirty 
days  after  this  title  goes  into  effect;  provided  further,  this  article  shall 
not  authorize  the  sale  of  lands  containing  valuable  deposits  of  gold, 
silver,  lead,  cinnabar,  copper  or  other  valuable  metal;  provided  further, 
that  any  person  desiring  to  acquire  any  lands  under  the  provisions  of 
this  article  shall  have  the  right  to  prospect  said  land  for  a period  of 
twelve  months  before  making,  any  payment  thereon,  upon  condition  that 
said  prospector  shall  file  with  the  proper  surveyor  his  affidavit  in  writ- 
ing, setting  forth  that  he  has  gone  upon  the  land  in  good  faith  with 


The  Mineral  Kesources  of  Texas. 


43 


the  intention  of  purchasing  the  same  under  the  provisions  of  this  arti- 
cle, and  in  said  affidavit  give  a reasonable  description  of  said  land. 
After  the  filing  of  said  affidavit  the  said  surveyor  shall  immediately 
forward  same  to  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  who 
shall  take  said  section  off  the  market  until  the  expiration  of  said  twelve 
months  after  the  filing  of  said  affidavit  with  the  surveyor. 

Art.  3498k.  Any  person  desiring  to  contest  the  issuance  of  patent 
may  do  so  by  filing  with  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office 
a protest  setting  forth  the  grounds  of  objection  generally,  and  that  pro- 
testant  has  an  interest  in  the  subject  matter,  which  protest  shall  also 
state  that  the  same  is  presented  in  good  faith  and  not  to  injure  or  delay 
the  applicants,  or  any  of  them,  and  the  same  shall  be  verified  by  affidavit. 
Whereupon  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  to  withhold  patent 
until  the  controversy  is  ended;  provided,  that  if  the  protestant  shall  not 
within  thirty  days  after  filing  his  protest  institute  suit  in  the  court  hav- 
ing jurisdiction  thereof  in  the  county  where  the  claims  are  located,  his 
protest  shall  constitute  no  further  barrier  to  the  issuance  of  patent. 
A certified  copy  of  the  petition  or  a certificate  of  the  clerk  of  the  court 
where  suit  is  pending  shall  be  sufficient  evidence  to  the  Commissioner 
of  the  pendency  of  the  suit,  and  of  the  date  of  filing  said  suit.  When 
the  land  in  controversy  lies  partly  in  two  counties  suit  may  be  brought 
in  either.  More  than  one  claim  shall  not  be  embraced  in  the  same 
patent  or  application.  The  suits  here  provided  for  shall  be  entitled  to 
precedence  of  trial  on  the  docket. 

Art.  34981.  If  the  application  and  affidavit  provided  for  in  Article 
3498f  are  not  filed  with  the  proper  county  surveyor  within  ninety  days 
from  the  date  of  the  first  posting  and  if  the  application,  affidavit,  field 
notes,  filing  fee  and  obligation  are  not  filed  in  the  Land  Office  or  the 
first  payment  is  not  paid  to  the  State  Treasurer  within  sixty  days  as 
required  in  Article  3498f  the  file  and  claim  thereunder  shall  be  void. 
If  any  part  of  an  annual  interest  or  any  part  of  an  annual  payment  of 
principal  remains  unpaid  for  thirty  days  after  it  becomes  due  on  any 
claim,  such  claims  shall  be  subject  to  forfeiture  by  the  Commissioner 
of  the  General  Land  Office  by  an  endorsement  on  the  obligation  “For- 
feited,” signed  officially  bv  him,  and  thereupon  all  payments  shall  also 
be  forfeited  to  the  fund  to  which  the  land  originally  belonged.  All  for- 
feited claims  may  be  reinstated  upon  written  request  of  one  or  more 
owners  filed  in  the  Land  Office  and  payment  of  all  interest  and  prin- 
cipal due ; provided,  no  rights  of  another  have  not  intervened  at  date  of 
filing  such  request  in  the  Land  Office.  One  interested  in  a claim  at 
the  time  it  was  forfeited  shall  not  be  eligible  to  relocate  or  refile  upon 
the  same  land  for  himself  or  on  behalf  of  any  other  person,  and  any 
such  location  or  attempt  to  locate  by  such  person  shall  be  wholly  void. 
Whenever  any  land  theretofore  covered  by  a forfeited  .claim  shall  be  re- 
located, the  locator  or  locators  and  each  of  them  shall  make  an  affidavit 
that  the  location  is  made  without  any  contract  or  agreement  or  under- 
standing of  any  kind:  that  none  of  the  parties  theretofore  owning  an 
interest  in  the  forfeited  claim  before  the  relocation  have  or  is  to  have 
any  interest  in  the  same  under  the  new  location.  In  all  other  cases 
where  an  affidavit  is  required  by  this  title  it  may  be  made  by  one  or  more 


44 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


of  the  parties  cognizant  of  the  facts.  This  article  shall  apply  only  to 
claims  filed  on  land  containing  the  minerals  named  in  Article  349 8f. 

Art.  3498m,  Revised  Civil  Statutes  of  1905,  is  repealed. 

Art.  349 8n.  Whenever  any  application  shall  be  made  to  buy  or  ob- 
tain title  to  any  of  the  lands  embraced  in  Article  3498a,  except  where 
the  application  is  made  under  this  title,  the  applicant  shall  make  oath 
that  there  is  not,  to  the  best  of  his  knowledge  and  belief,  any  of  the 
minerals  embraced  in  this  title  thereon,  and  when  the  Commissioner  has 
any  doubt  in  relation  to  the  matter  he  shall  forbear  action  until  he  is 
satisfied.  Any  such  sale  or  disposition  of  said  lands  shall  he  understood 
to  he,  with  the  reservation  of  the  minerals  thereon,  subject  to  location 
as  herein  provided. 

Art.  3498o.  Claims  usually  called  placers,  including  all  forms  of 
metallic  deposits,  excepting  veins  of  quartz  or  rock  in  place,  shall  be 
subject  to  entry  and  patent  under  like  circumstances  and  conditions  and 
upon  similar  proceedings  as  are  provided  for  vein  or  lode  claims.  All 
placer  claims  located  shall  conform  as  near  as  practicable  with  existing 
surveys  and  their  subdivisions,  and  no  such  location  shall  include  more 
than  forty  acres  for  each  individual  claimant  and  shall  not  exceed  three 
hundred  and  twenty  acres  for  any  association  of  persons.  The  price 
which  shall  be  paid  for  such  placer  shall  not  be  less  than  ten  dollars 
per  acre,  together  with  all  costs  of  proceedings,  as  before  provided. 

Art.  3498p.  WTiere  non-mineral  land  not  contiguous  to  the  vein  or 
lode  is  used  by  the  prospector  of  such  vein  or  lode  for  mining  or  milling 
purposes,  such  non-adjacent  surface  ground  may  be  included 
in  an  application  for  a patent  for  such  vein  or  lode,  and  the  same  may 
be  patented  therewith,  subject  to  the  same  preliminary  requirements  as 
to  survey  and  notice  as  are  applicable  to  veins  or  lodes  ; but  no  location 
of  such  non-adjacent  lands  shall  exceed  ten  acres,  and  payment  for  the 
same  must  be  made  at  the  same  rate  as  fixed  by  this  title  for  the  super- 
ficies of  the  lode.  The  owner  of  a quartz  mill  or  reduction  works,  not 
owning  a mine  in  connection  therewith,  may  also  receive  a patent  for  a 
mill  site,  as  provided  in  this  section. 

Art.  349 8q.  Any  owner  or  worker  of  mining  claim  under  this  title 
is  authorized  to  fell  and  remove  for  building  and  mining  purposes  any 
timber  or  tree  growing  or  being  upon  unoccupied  lands  as  described  in 
Article  3498a,  said  lands  being  mineral  and  subject  to  entry  only  as 
mineral  lands,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed 
for  the  protection  of  timber  and  undergrowth  upon  such  lands  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Art.  349 8r.  Nothing  in  this  title  shall  ever  be  so  construed  as  to 
either  destroy,  invalidate  or  impair  any  valid  claim,  right  or  interest 
existing  in,  to  or  concerning  any  lands  whatever  at  the  passage  of  this 
title,  of  any  pre-emptor,  purchaser,  claimant,  actual  settler,  locator,  or 
other  person  whatsoever. 

Art.  3498s.  The  net  proceeds  of  all  sales  of  mining  lands  under 
the  provisions  of  this  title  shall  inure  to  the  benefit  of  the  State  and 
the  respective  funds  for  which  the  lands  mentioned  in  Article  3498a 
are  now  set  apart  under  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  State,  and  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Comptroller,  State  Treasurer  and  Commissioner 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  Texas. 


4 5 


of  the  General  Land  Office  to  see  to  it  and  have  said  proceeds  so  paid 
rightly  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  particular  and  proper  fund. 

Art.  3498t.  For  the  purpose  of  effectually  carrying  out  the  pro- 
visions of  this  title  all  county  or  district  surveyors  are  hereby  especially 
authorized  and  empowered  to  administer  oaths,  take  affidavits  and  make 
certificates  thereof;  provided,  further,  that  all  laws  and  parts  of  laws 
in  conflict  with  this  title,  or  any  part  thereof,  are  hereby  especially 
repealed. 


